Inflammatory cells
Classically activated macrophages, also called M1 macrophages,
contribute to tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage.
Macrophages can be alternatively activated to the M2 phenotype that is
involved in fibrosis and tissue remodeling. In vitro , using
cultured thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages, MR
activation resulted in increased expression of the M1 classical
activation markers (Usher et al., 2010). Complementarily, MR-deficient
macrophages showed reduced expression of M1 markers and a shift towards
the alternative-activated M2 phenotype (Usher et al., 2010). MR
activation by aldosterone induced the activation of dendritic cells and
increased polarization of CD4+ naive T cells into Th17, Th1, and
decreased Treg cells (Herrada et al., 2010; Caillon et al., 2019).
Aldosterone also increases the recruitment of B lymphocytes and the
activation of CD8+ T cells via MR. Interestingly, aldosterone induced
Gal-3 expression through MR in a human monocyte cell line and in a mouse
macrophage cell line (Lin et al., 2014). Thus, there is a role for MR in
macrophage polarization as well as in dendritic B and T cells
activation.