Epidemiological background |
Epidemiological
background |
Epidemiological background |
Epidemiological background |
Epidemiological
background |
Age, years |
65 ± 6 |
71 ± 9 |
67 ± 11 |
0.27 |
Age ≥ 75 years |
1 (14) |
5 (50) |
7 (23) |
0.23 |
Age by first device implantation, years |
56 ± 5 |
66 ± 10 |
59 ± 11 |
0.13 |
Duration from first device implantation to CRT upgrade (days) |
3508
(1980-6741) |
2136 (1771-3884) |
1914 (718-4274) |
0.40 |
Male |
1 (14) |
6 (60) |
21 (68) |
0.041 |
Body mass index (kg/m²) |
22 ± 2 |
23 ± 3 |
22 ± 4 |
0.42 |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Comorbidities |
Hypertension |
1 (14) |
2 (20) |
9 (29) |
0.7 |
Diabetes mellitus |
0 (0) |
3 (30) |
8 (26) |
0.37 |
Hyperlipidemia |
1 (14) |
1 (10) |
7 (23) |
0.86 |
Chronic kidney disease |
2 (29) |
2 (20) |
9 (29) |
0.9 |
COPD |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
|
Stroke |
0 (0) |
1 (10) |
3 (10) |
0.61 |
High-grade atrio-ventricular block |
6 (86) |
10 (100) |
21 (68) |
0.12 |
Sick sinus syndrome |
1 (14) |
0 (0) |
3 (10) |
0.6 |
Previous frequent RV pacing |
6 (86) |
10 (100) |
26 (84) |
0.45 |
Previous device |
|
|
|
|
PM |
5 (71) |
10 (100) |
23 (74) |
0.19 |
ICD |
2(29) |
0 (0) |
8 (26) |
0.19 |
History of ventricular arrythmias |
4 (57) |
5 (50) |
10 (32) |
0.43 |
Prior VT ablation |
1 (14) |
3 (30) |
2 (6) |
0.083 |
Atrial fibrillation |
1 (14) |
3 (30) |
16 (52) |
0.15 |
Permanent |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
8 (26) |
0.12 |
HF hospitalization |
2 (29) |
5 (50) |
18 (58) |
0.34 |
NYHA functional class |
2 (2-3) |
3 (2-3) |
3 (3-3.5) |
0.06 |
Coronary Artery Disease |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (3) |
0.76 |
Valvular heart disease |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
4 (13) |
0.6 |
Dilated cardiomyopathy |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
15 (48) |
0.0015 |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (6) |
0.56 |
Medication |
Medication |
Medication |
Medication |
Medication |
β-blocker |
6 (86) |
9 (90) |
26 (84) |
0.89 |
ACEi/ARB |
5 (71) |
9 (90) |
21 (68) |
0.4 |
Spironolactone |
4 (57) |
6 (60) |
19 (61) |
0.98 |
Diuretics |
4 (57) |
8 (80) |
23 (74) |
0.64 |
Amiodarone |
2 (29) |
3 (30) |
5 (16) |
0.5 |
Cardiotonics |
1 (14) |
1 (10) |
4 (13) |
0.96 |
Corticosteroids |
7 (100) |
6 (60) |
0 (0) |
<0.0001 |
Dosage before CRT upgrade (mg) |
5.0 (2.5-10) |
0 (0-0) |
0 (0-0) |
0.001 |
Maintenance dosage (mg) |
2.5 (2.5-10) |
4.1 (0-10) |
0 (0-0) |
0.037 |
Electrocardiography |
Electrocardiography |
Electrocardiography |
Electrocardiography |
Electrocardiography |
QRS duration (mm) |
173 ± 20 |
178 ± 21 |
185 ± 32 |
0.56 |
Echocardiographic parameters |
Echocardiographic
parameters |
Echocardiographic parameters |
Echocardiographic parameters |
Echocardiographic
parameters |
LA-diameter (mm) |
40 ± 14 |
42 ± 4 |
49 ± 8 |
0.025 |
LVEF (%) |
27 ± 9 |
26 ± 7 |
26.0 ± 7.0 |
0.98 |
LVEDV (mL) |
168 ± 46 |
144 ± 46 |
175 ± 51 |
0.24 |
LVESV (mL) |
127 ± 44 |
105 ± 33 |
127.2 ± 37.4 |
0.28 |
MR |
3 (2-3) |
2 (1.75-3.25) |
2 (2-2.5) |
0.16 |
Laboratory data |
Laboratory data |
Laboratory data |
Laboratory data |
Laboratory data |
BNP (pg/mL) |
321 (205-767) |
271 (102-509) |
188 (135-245) |
0.7 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) |
0.93 (0.68-1.29) |
0.84 (0.79-1.20) |
0.73
(0.69-1.28) |
0.84 |
Hemoglobin (mg/dL) |
12.4 ± 1.5 |
12.8 ± 1.6 |
12.1 ± 2.6 |
0.7 |
Type of device |
Type of device |
Type of
device |
Type of device |
Type of
device |
CRT-P |
3 (43) |
4 (40) |
13 (42) |
0.99 |
CRT-D |
4 (57) |
6 (60) |
18 (58) |
0.99 |