A Cardiac Surgery Mini-Elective Increases Specialty Knowledge
Acquisition Among Pre-Clinical Medical Students
Abstract
Background: The introduction of integrated thoracic surgery residency
programs has led to increased recruitment efforts of medical students to
pursue a career in cardiac surgery. With little representation of
cardiac surgery in medical school curriculum, we assessed a cardiac
surgery mini-elective’s efficacy in improving perceived knowledge among
medical students. Methods: Preclinical medical students were offered the
opportunity to participate in a cardiac surgery mini-elective, which
consisted of five 2-hour sessions. These sessions consisted of didactic
and simulation components and covered topics including cardiopulmonary
bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), aortic
disease, aortic valve replacement (AVR), transplant and left ventricular
assist devices (LVAD), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Students completed pre- and post-session survey’s describing their
perceived knowledge in these topics. Results: Overall, 22 students
completed at least one session of the mini-elective. Fourteen (73.7%)
of the students were male. Fifteen (68.2%) students completed at least
three out of five sessions. The post-session survey responses showed
significantly higher perceived knowledge compared to pre-session
responses for all survey prompts of all five sessions. The CPB/ECMO and
aortic disease sessions showed the greatest increase in post-session
familiarity and perceived knowledge after the session
(p<0.001) compared to the CABG, AVR, and transplant/LVAD
sessions (p<0.05). Conclusions: Beyond developing interest in
cardiac surgery, these data indicate that a well-planned didactic and
surgical simulation program may build confidence in students’ knowledge
of various cardiac surgical topics. Further studies will need to address
how this increase in perceived ability lasts over time and impacts
career selection.