Figure legends
Figure 1: Impact of asthma control on weekly physical activity
(A) and TV attendance (B). A: Fraction of total (%) analysis of
subjects with vigorous PA ≥ 3 times a week, 1-2 times a week or
never/occasionally physically active, grouped according to asthma
control. B: Fraction of total (%) analysis of subjects
with daily TV attendance > 1 h per day or ≤ 1 h per day,
grouped according to asthma control. *: P < 0.05 intergroup
difference.
Figure 2 : Increased (A) and decreased (B) cytokines
under different stimulations in asthmatic preschoolers. Violin plots
with median and quartiles visualizing cytokine levels. Asthma n = 140,
healthy n = 53. PBMCs were cultured with different stimulants for 48
hours. Cytokine levels were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. *:
P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01 and ****: P <
0.0001 intergroup difference, respectively.
Figure 3 : Impact of physical activity and TV attendance
on unstimulated cytokines in asthmatic (A, B) and healthy (C, D)
preschoolers. Violin plots with median and quartiles visualizing
cytokine levels. Red arrows indicate increase or decrease of cytokine
levels with higher PA or TVA. A: Asthma, physical
activity: n /o (n = 42), 1-2 / w (n = 24), ≥ 3 / w (n = 75).
B: Asthma, TV attendance: ≤ 1h / d (n = 36), 1-3h / d (n
= 82), ≥ 3h / day (n = 22). C: Healthy, physical
activity: n /o (n = 13), 1-2 / w (n = 10), ≥ 3 / w (n = 30).
D: Healthy, TV attendance: ≤ 1h / d (n = 25), 1-3h / d
(n = 22), ≥ 3h / day (n = 6). *: P < 0.05, **: P <
0.01, ***: P < 0.001 and ****: P < 0.0001 intergroup
difference, respectively. n / o (never or occasionally), 1-2 / w (once
or twice per week), ≥ 3 / w (3 or more times per week), ≤ 1h / d (less
than one hour per day), 1-3h / d (one to three hours per day), ≥ 3h /
day (3 or more hours per day).
Figure 4 : Impact of physical activity on PBMC cytokine
response in asthmatic (A) and healthy (B) preschoolers. Violin plots
with median and quartiles visualizing cytokine levels. Red arrows
indicate increase or decrease of cytokine levels with higher PA.
A: Asthma, physical activity: n /o (n = 42), 1-2 / w (n
= 24), ≥ 3 / w (n = 75). B: Healthy, physical activity:
n /o (n = 13), 1-2 / w (n = 10), ≥ 3 / w (n = 30). *: P <
0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001 and ****: P
< 0.0001 intergroup difference, respectively. n / o (never or
occasionally), 1-2 / w (once or twice per week), ≥ 3 / w (3 or more
times per week).
Figure 5 : Impact of TV attendance on PBMC cytokine
response in asthmatic (A) and healthy (B) preschoolers. Violin plots
with median and quartiles visualizing cytokine levels. Red arrows
indicate increase or decrease of cytokine levels with higher TVA.
A: Asthma, TV attendance: ≤ 1h / d (n = 36), 1-3h / d (n
= 82), ≥ 3h / day (n = 22). B: Healthy, TV attendance: ≤
1h / d (n = 25), 1-3h / d (n = 22), ≥ 3h / day (n = 6). *: P <
0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001 and ****: P
< 0.0001 intergroup difference, respectively. ≤ 1h / d (less
than one hour per day), 1-3h / d (one to three hours per day), ≥ 3h /
day (3 or more hours per day).
Figure 6: Correlations between cytokines in asthmatic and
healthy preschoolers with low weekly physical activity (A, B) and high
daily TV attendance (C, D). Spearman correlation heat maps visualizing
correlations between measured cytokines in both asthmatic
(A, C) and healthy (B, D) preschoolers.
Red and blue squares indicate positive (0 to +1) and negative (0 to -1)
correlations, respectively. E: Spearman correlation
scatter plots showing significant correlations between cytokines.