Abstract:
COVID-19 Virus has affected the world in many ways, resulting in several challenges. It has resulted in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Efforts have been made to study the nature of the disease and discover a new treatment to help decrease those rates. COVID 19 vaccines were introduced recently\sout, with a variable degree of immunogenicity and safety.
We report a 61-year-old man who developed GBS within 4 days of receiving the Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Patient presented with 3-day history of, distal more than proximal, upper extremity progressive weakness four days following receiving the second dose mRNA-based vaccine. Common infectious triggers of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) were ruled out. His clinical picture, CSF analysis and electrodiagnostic testing were consistent with acute demyelinating polyneuropathy. His clinical condition significantly improved after five days course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
COVID-19 vaccines have been tested in large, randomized controlled trials. The vaccines have shown a high level of efficacy and safety across all populations. However, they can result in different side effects, as is the case with all other vaccines. Neurological side effects can occur following COVID-19 vaccines. However, their frequency is not well studied yet. One of those side effects is the development of Guillain barre syndrome. The frequency of its occurrence is still not precise, and many other studies are needed to clarify its incidence further. The temporal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and GBS development in this case was suggestive of a vaccine-induced cause, and the clinical implications of this association warrant further research.
Introduction :
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Is a newly emerging disease entity first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. it led to high morbidity and mortality rates, affecting the world on the social, psychological, and financial aspects (1). its presentations are widely variable depending on the system involved. The main presenting symptoms are respiratory, ranging from asymptomatic to a more severe lower respiratory tract infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and in more severe cases, death. However, it can also infect the central nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems (2). Numerous treatments have been utilized for treating it, and the evidence on how to treat it is growing daily. (3) since its emergence, efforts have been put to find a vaccine that would halt the progression of the pandemic. In December 2020, the first COVID-19 vaccines were successfully announced with promising results and were approved for use after an emergency authorization by FDA. (4) Side effects secondary to these vaccines were variable, and further studies are needed to establish their safety. some of the side effects described are myalgia, fever, and headache. Other side effects were reactivation of the COVID-19 and ARDS (5). neurological side effects are rare but have been described (6). We hereby report a case that we encountered after an mRNA vaccine and was found to have features of acute demyelinating polyneuropathy as found by nerve conduction studies.