COVID-19 IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS. PREDICTORS OF POOR OUTCOME AND
CLINICAL DIFFERENCES.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Young and middle-aged adults are the largest group of patients
infected with SARS-CoV-2 and some of them develop severe disease.
Objective: To investigate clinical manifestations in adults aged 18-65
years hospitalized for COVID-19 and identify predictors of poor outcome.
Secondary objectives: to explore potential differences compared to the
disease in elderly patients and the suitability of the commonly used
community-acquired pneumonia prognostic scales in younger populations.
Methods: Multicenter prospective registry of consecutive patients
hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia aged 18-65 years between March and
May 2020. We considered a composite outcome of “poor outcome”
including intensive care unit admission and/or use of noninvasive
ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure or high flow nasal
cannula oxygen therapies and/or death. Results: We identified 513
patients <65 years of age, from a cohort of 993 patients. 102
had poor outcomes (19.8%) and 3.9% died. 78% and 55% of patients
with poor outcomes were classified as low risk based on CURB and PSI
scores respectively. A multivariate Cox regression model identified six
independent factors associated with poor outcome: heart disease, chest
pain, anosmia, low oxygen saturation, high LDH and lymphocyte count
<800/mL. Conclusions: COVID-19 in younger patients carries
significant morbidity and differs in some respects from this disease the
elderly. Baseline heart disease is a relevant risk factor, while anosmia
and pleuritic pain are more common and protective. Hypoxemia, LDH and
lymphocyte count are predictors of poor outcome. We consider that CURB
and PSI scores are not suitable criteria for deciding admission in this
population.