Inflammatory responses arise as an outcome of tissues or organs exposure towards harmful stimuli like injury, toxic chemicals or pathogenic microorganism. It is a complex cascade of immune mechanism to overcome from tissue injury and to initiate the healing process by recruiting various immune cells, chemical mediators such as the vasoactive peptides and amines, proinflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids and acute-phase proteins to prevent tissue damage and ultimately complete restoration of the tissue function. The cytokines plays a central role in communication between the cells, inflammatory response initiation, amplification and their regulation. This review will outline the importance of inflammatory responses, the role of cytokines in inflammation and various inflammatory disorders due to the abrupt expression of cytokines and also highlighted the hyper-inflammatory response or cytokine storm associated in the poor prognosis in COVID-19 pandemic.

Vaccination created a breakthrough towards the improvement to the global health. The development of vaccine and practice made substantial control in infectious diseases. The abundance and emergence of new vaccines has facilitated targeting populations to alleviate and eliminate contagious pathogens from their innate reservoir. However, along with the infections like malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), effective immunisation remains obscure and imparts a great challenge unto the realm of science. The vaccines developed after utilizing plant based system supported technology comprises the incorporation of the preferred genes to express the specific protein (antigen) for a particular disease condition into the genome of plant tissues using several techniques. Though plant-supported vaccines propose several benefits to the vaccine industry, still there remain challenges that limit the rate of effective production of vaccines of this third-generation. A novel Corona virus SARS-CoV-2 reason for causing Corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) crashed the human population and rapidly spread round the world within the half of 2020 created a worldwide epidemic. The need for establishing a protected and compelling COVID-19 immunization is a global requirement to end this pandemic. Even though there exist lot of limitations, continuous efforts has put forward so as to develop highly competent and effective vaccine for many human and animal linked diseases due to its unlimited prospective. This review article focus on the historical outlook and the development of the vaccine as it is a crucial area of research where the life of the human is saved from various potential diseases.

Vaccination created a breakthrough towards the improvement to the global health. The development of vaccine and their practice made a substantial control in infectious diseases. The emergence of new vaccines has facilitated targeting populations to alleviate and eliminate contagious pathogens from their innate reservoir. However, along with the infections like malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), effective immunisation remains obscure and imparts a great challenge unto the realm of science. The vaccines developed after utilizing plant based system supported technology comprises the incorporation of the preferred genes to express the specific protein (antigen) for a particular disease condition into the genome of plant tissues using several techniques. Though plant-supported vaccines propose several benefits to the vaccine industry, still there remain challenges that limit the rate of effective production of vaccines of this third-generation. A novel Corona virus SARS-CoV-2 reason for causing Corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) crashed the human population and rapidly spread round the world within the half of 2020 created a worldwide epidemic. The need for establishing a protected and compelling COVID-19 immunization is a global requirement to end this pandemic. Even though there exist lot of limitations, continuous efforts has put forward so as to develop highly competent and effective vaccine for many human and animal linked diseases due to its unlimited prospective. This review article focus on the historical outlook and the development of the vaccine as it is a crucial area of research where the life of the human is saved from various potential dise