Characteristics Mean ± SD or n(%)
Age 66.17±8.324
Gender(male/female) 23/8(74.19/25.81)
Hypertension 12(38.71)
Diabetes 2(6.45)
Cardiac disease
Patent foramen ovale 2(6.45)
Patent ductus arteriosus 1(3.23)
Coronary heart disease 1(3.23)
Valvular diseases 4(12.90)
Congestive heart failure 4(12.90)
Prior TIA/stroke 5(16.13)
AF duration [months] 60[2-384]
Type of AF
Paroxysmal AF 20(64.52)
Persistent AF 8(25.81)
Long-standing Persistent AF 3(9.68)
CHADS2 score 2[0-6]
Prior catheter ablation 5(16.13)
Antiarrhythmic drugs
β-blocker 18(58.06)
Cedilanid 2(6.45)
Amiodarone 8(25.81)
Propafenone 1(3.23)
Anticoagulation drugs
Aspirin 6(19.35)
Clopidogrel 4(12.90)
Warfarin 2(6.45)
LAD 40.03±4.28
EF 63.24±10.27