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pathway to stimulate loss of muscle mass. Cell Metab . 18(3),
368-379. 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.07.012
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activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth
factor and interleukin-6. Science . 264(5155), 95-98.
10.1126/science.8140422
Zimmers, T.A., Fishel, M.L., & Bonetto, A. (2016). STAT3 in the
systemic inflammation of cancer cachexia. Seminars in Cell &
Developmental Biology . 54, 28-41. 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.009
Mashili,
F., Chibalin, A.V., Krook, A., & Zierath, J.R. (2013). Constitutive
STAT3 phosphorylation contributes to skeletal muscle insulin resistance
in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes . 62(2), 457-465. 10.2337/db12-0337
Milan,
G., Romanello, V., Pescatore, F., Armani, A., Paik, J.H., & Frasson,
L., et al. (2015). Regulation of autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome
system by the FoxO transcriptional network during muscle atrophy.Nat Commun . 6, 6670. 10.1038/ncomms7670
Mubaid,
S., Ma, J.F., Omer, A., Ashour, K., Lian, X.J., & Sanchez, B.J., et al.
(2019). HuR counteracts miR-330 to promote STAT3 translation during
inflammation-induced muscle wasting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A .
116(35), 17261-17270. 10.1073/pnas.1905172116
O’Neill,
B.T., Bhardwaj, G., Penniman, C.M., Krumpoch, M.T., Suarez, B.P., &
Klaus, K., et al. (2019). FoxO Transcription Factors Are Critical
Regulators of Diabetes-Related Muscle Atrophy. Diabetes . 68(3),
556-570. 10.2337/db18-0416
Ono,
K., Eguchi, T., Sogawa, C., Calderwood, S.K., Futagawa, J., & Kasai,
T., et al. (2018). HSP-enriched properties of extracellular vesicles
involve survival of metastatic oral cancer cells. J Cell Biochem .
119(9), 7350-7362. 10.1002/jcb.27039
Park,
B.S., Henning, P.C., Grant, S.C., Lee, W.J., Lee, S.R., Arjmandi, B.H.,
& Kim, J.S. (2013). HMB attenuates muscle loss during sustained energy
deficit induced by calorie restriction and endurance exercise.Metabolism . 62(12), 1718-1729. 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.005
Penna,
F., Ballaro, R., Beltra, M., De Lucia, S., & Costelli, P. (2018).
Modulating Metabolism to Improve Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting.Oxid Med Cell Longev . 2018, 7153610. 10.1155/2018/7153610
Pretto,
F., Ghilardi, C., Moschetta, M., Bassi, A., Rovida, A., & Scarlato, V.,
et al. (2015). Sunitinib prevents cachexia and prolongs survival of mice
bearing renal cancer by restraining STAT3 and MuRF-1 activation in
muscle. Oncotarget . 6(5), 3043-3054. 10.18632/oncotarget.2812
Prinsloo,
E., Kramer, A.H., Edkins, A.L., & Blatch, G.L. (2012). STAT3 interacts
directly with Hsp90. IUBMB Life . 64(3), 266-273. 10.1002/iub.607
Puppa,
M.J., Gao, S., Narsale, A.A., & Carson, J.A. (2014). Skeletal muscle
glycoprotein 130’s role in Lewis lung carcinoma-induced cachexia.FASEB J . 28(2), 998-1009. 10.1096/fj.13-240580
Ram,
P.A., & Waxman, D.J. (1997). Interaction of growth hormone-activated
STATs with SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 and nuclear
JAK2 tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem . 272(28), 17694-17702.
10.1074/jbc.272.28.17694
Reed,
S.A., Sandesara, P.B., Senf, S.M., & Judge, A.R. (2012). Inhibition of
FoxO transcriptional activity prevents muscle fiber atrophy during
cachexia and induces hypertrophy. FASEB J . 26(3), 987-1000.
10.1096/fj.11-189977
Schoof,
N., von Bonin, F., Trumper, L., & Kube, D. (2009). HSP90 is essential
for Jak-STAT signaling in classical Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Cell
Commun Signal . 7, 17. 10.1186/1478-811X-7-17
Schopf,
F.H., Biebl, M.M., & Buchner, J. (2017). The HSP90 chaperone machinery.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . 18(6), 345-360.
10.1038/nrm.2017.20
Sengupta,
T.K., Schmitt, E.M., & Ivashkiv, L.B. (1996). Inhibition of cytokines
and JAK-STAT activation by distinct signaling pathways. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A . 93(18), 9499-9504. 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9499
Shah,
M., Patel, K., Fried, V.A., & Sehgal, P.B. (2002). Interactions of
STAT3 with caveolin-1 and heat shock protein 90 in plasma membrane raft
and cytosolic complexes. Preservation of cytokine signaling during
fever. J Biol Chem . 277(47), 45662-45669. 10.1074/jbc.M205935200
Silva,
K.A., Dong, J., Dong, Y., Dong, Y., Schor, N., & Tweardy, D.J., et al.
(2015). Inhibition of Stat3 activation suppresses caspase-3 and the
ubiquitin-proteasome system, leading to preservation of muscle mass in
cancer cachexia. J Biol Chem . 290(17), 11177-11187.
10.1074/jbc.M115.641514
Song,
S., Min, H., Niu, M., Wang, L., Wu, Y., & Zhang, B., et al. (2018).
S1PR1 predicts patient survival and promotes chemotherapy drug
resistance in gastric cancer cells through STAT3 constitutive
activation. EBioMedicine . 37, 168-176.
10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.005
Song, S., Su, Z., Xu, H., Niu, M., Chen, X., & Min, H., et al. (2017).
Luteolin selectively kills STAT3 highly activated gastric cancer cells
through enhancing the binding of STAT3 to SHP-1. Cell Death &
Disease . 8(2), e2612. 10.1038/cddis.2017.38
Stitt,
T.N., Drujan, D., Clarke, B.A., Panaro, F., Timofeyva, Y., & Kline,
W.O., et al. (2004). The IGF-1/PI3K/Akt Pathway Prevents Expression of
Muscle Atrophy-Induced Ubiquitin Ligases by Inhibiting FOXO
Transcription Factors. Molecular Cell . 14(3), 395-403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(04)00211-4
Tanaka,
Y., Eda, H., Tanaka, T., Udagawa, T., Ishikawa, T., & Horii, I., et al.
(1990). Experimental cancer cachexia induced by transplantable colon 26
adenocarcinoma in mice. Cancer Res . 50(8), 2290-2295.
Trepel,
J., Mollapour, M., Giaccone, G., & Neckers, L. (2010). Targeting the
dynamic HSP90 complex in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer . 10(8), 537-549.
10.1038/nrc2887
Ueki,
K., Kondo, T., & Kahn, C.R. (2004). Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
(SOCS-1) and SOCS-3 cause insulin resistance through inhibition of
tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate proteins by
discrete mechanisms. Mol Cell Biol . 24(12), 5434-5446.
10.1128/MCB.24.12.5434-5446.2004
Whitesell,
L., & Lindquist, S.L. (2005). HSP90 and the chaperoning of cancer.Nature Reviews Cancer . 5(10), 761-772. 10.1038/nrc1716
Yu,
C.L., Meyer, D.J., Campbell, G.S., Larner, A.C., Carter-Su, C.,
Schwartz, J., & Jove, R. (1995). Enhanced DNA-binding activity of a
Stat3-related protein in cells transformed by the Src oncoprotein.Science . 269(5220), 81-83. 10.1126/science.7541555
Yun,
C.W., Kim, H.J., Lim, J.H., & Lee, S.H. (2019). Heat Shock Proteins:
Agents of Cancer Development and Therapeutic Targets in Anti-Cancer
Therapy. Cells . 9(1). 10.3390/cells9010060
Zhang,
L., Pan, J., Dong, Y., Tweardy, D.J., Dong, Y., Garibotto, G., & Mitch,
W.E. (2013). Stat3 activation links a C/EBPdelta to myostatin pathway to
stimulate loss of muscle mass. Cell Metab . 18(3), 368-379.
10.1016/j.cmet.2013.07.012
Zhong,
Z., Wen, Z., & Darnell, J.J. (1994). Stat3: a STAT family member
activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth
factor and interleukin-6. Science . 264(5155), 95-98.
10.1126/science.8140422
Zimmers,
T.A., Fishel, M.L., & Bonetto, A. (2016). STAT3 in the systemic
inflammation of cancer cachexia. Seminars in Cell & Developmental
Biology . 54, 28-41. 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.009
Figure Legends