Background Previous studies have explored post-hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) outcomes by race in adults; however, pediatric data addressing this topic are scarce. Procedure This retrospective registry study included 238 White (W) and 57 Black (B) children with hematologic malignancies (HM) receiving first allogeneic HCT between 2010 and 2019 in one of five Florida pediatric HCT centers. Results We found no differences between W and B children by transplant characteristics, other than donor type. There was a significant difference in use of HLA-mismatched donors (HLA-MMD) (53% W, 71% B, p=0.01). When comparing HLA-MMD use to fully HLA-matched donors, B had RR of 1.47 [95% CI 0.7-3] of receiving a mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD), RR of 2.34 [95% CI 1.2-4.4] of receiving a mismatched related donor (MMRD), and a RR of 1.9 [95% CI 0.99-3.6] of receiving a mismatched cord blood donor (MMCBD) HCT, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of aGVHD (48% W, 35% B), p=0.1 or cGVHD (19% W 28% B, p=0.1), or primary cause of death. Overall 24-month survival was 61% [95% CI 54-68%] for W, and 60% [95% CI 38-68] for B children, log-rank p=0.72. While HLA matching improved survival in W children, the number of B children receiving HLA-matched HCT was too small to identify the impact of HLA matching on survival. Conclusions In this contemporary cohort of children with HM we found that B children were more likely to receive HLA-MMD transplants, but this did not adversely affect survival or GVHD rates.