References
1. World Health Organization (2011). Definition of an older or elderly
person. Health statistics and health information systems: World Health
Survey; http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/index.html
2. Ganpule AP, Desai M: Management of the staghorn calculus:
Multiple-tract versus single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Curr
Opin Urol 2008;18:220–223.
3. Torricelli FCM, Monga M: Staghorn renal stones: what the urologist
needs to know. Int Braz J Urol. 2020;46:927-933.
4. Wollin DA, Preminger GM: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: complications
and how to deal with them. Urolithiasis 2018; 46:87–97
5. Desai M, Jain P, Ganpule A, Sabnis R, Patel S, Shrivastav P:
Developments in technique and technology: the effect on the results of
percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi. BJU Int.
2009;104:542-548.
6. Desai M, De Lisa A, Turna B, Rioja J, Walfridsson H, D’Addessi A, et
al: The clinical research office of the endourological society
percutaneous nephrolithotomy global study: Staghorn versus nonstaghorn
stones. J Endourol 2011;25:1263-8.
7. Al-Kohlany KM, Shokeir AA, Mosbah A, Mohsen T, Shoma AM, Eraky I, et
al: Treatment of complete staghorn stones: a prospective randomized
comparison of open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol
2005;173:469–473
8. Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA: Classification of surgical
complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336
patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240:205-13.
9. Tiselius HG, Andersson A: Stone burden in an average Swedish
population of Stone formers requiring active Stone removal: how can the
stone size be estimated in the clinical routine? Eur Urol
2003;43:275-81.
10. Burgher A, Beman M, Holtzman JL, Monga M: Progression of
nephrolithiasis: long-term outcomes with observation of asymptomatic
calculi. J Endourol 2004;18:534-9.
11. Skolarikos A, de la Rosette J: Prevention and treatment of
complications following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Curr Opin Urol
2008;18:229–234.
12. Tonner PH, Kampen J, Scholz J: Pathophysiological changes in the
elderly. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2003;17:163–177.
13. Stoller ML, Bolton D, St Lezin M, Lawrence M: Percutaneous
nephrolithotomy in the elderly. Urology 1994;44:651–654.
14. Sahin A, Atsü N, Erdem E, Oner S, Bilen C, Bakkaloğlu M, et al:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients aged 60 years or older. J
Endourol. 2001;15:489-91.
15. Soucy F, Ko R, Duvdevani M, Nott L, Denstedt JD, Razvi H:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi: a single center’s
experience over 15 years. J Endourol. 2009;23:1669-73.
16. Kuzgunbay B, Turunc T, Yaycioglu O, Kayis AA, Gul U, Egilmez T, et
al: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn kidney stones in elderly
patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011;43:639-43.
17. Michel MS, Trojan L, Rassweiler JJ: Complications in percutaneous
nephrolithotomy. Eur Urol 2007;51:899–906.
18. Cracco CM, Scoffone CM: ECIRS (Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal
Surgery) in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position: a new life
for percutaneous surgery? World J Urol 2011;29:821-7.
19. Akman T, Binbay M, Ugurlu M, Kaba M, Akcay M, Yazici O, et al:
Outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery compared with percutaneous
nephrolithotomy in elderly patients with moderate-size kidney stones: a
matched-pair analysis. J Endourol 2012;26:625-9.
20. Okeke Z, Smith AD, Labate G, D’Addessi A, Venkatesh R, Assimos D, et
al: Prospective comparison of outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy
in elderly patients versus younger patients. J Endourol
2012;26:996-1001.
21. Karami H, Mazloomfard MM, Golshan A, Rahjoo T, Javanmard B: Does age
affect outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy? Urol J 2010;7:17-21.