Sequence of the meta-decision process
All frameworks on which the proposed framework is based suggest that as
decisions often require subsequent modification or even complete
redesign, the sequence is important but not essential.
Therefore, a switch in decisions can occur through
interruptions—sudden events that obstruct the process. Moreover,
iterations may occur, wherein faced with a failure, the decision-maker
cycles back to an earlier phase to understand needs by gathering more
data or develop alternative decisions
Consequently, the main aim of meta-decision-making is the formation of a
hierarchical structure that improves the quality of decision-making in
practice but does not create “recipes” requiring simple repetition.9
Finally, the timeline and pressure affect the processes. Decisions are
made daily, some immediately while others, over months or years. Over
time, there is movement across the meta-decision process. Mintzberg et
al. 11 applied the concept to multiple examples, such
as the introduction of new medication in a hospital. Over two years, the
decision-making process went through the abovementioned three steps but
encountered multiple interruptions and multiple development cycles and
evaluation/selection steps. Political bias was also reported as
affecting decision-making. Figure 2 suggests more examples with
different possible meta-decision processes. The minimum process
comprises identification and evaluation. With increasing complexity, all
meta-decision steps, with many interruptions and cycles, can occur.