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Southern introgression increases adaptive immune gene variability in northern range margin populations of Fire-bellied toad
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  • Binia De Cahsan,
  • Katrin Kiemel,
  • Michael Westbury,
  • Maike Lauritsen,
  • Marijke Autenrieth,
  • Günter Gollmann,
  • Silke Schweiger,
  • Marika Stenberg,
  • Per Nyström,
  • Hauke Drews,
  • Ralph Tiedemann
Binia De Cahsan
University of Copenhagen

Corresponding Author:biniadec@gmail.com

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Katrin Kiemel
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Michael Westbury
University of Copenhagen Globe Institute
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Maike Lauritsen
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Marijke Autenrieth
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Günter Gollmann
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Silke Schweiger
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Marika Stenberg
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Per Nyström
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Hauke Drews
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Ralph Tiedemann
Univ Potsdam
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Abstract

Northern range margin populations of the European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) have rapidly declined during recent decades. Extensive agricultural land use has fragmented the landscape, leading to habitat disruption and loss, as well as eutrophication of ponds. In Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) and Southern Sweden, this decline resulted in decreased gene flow from surrounding populations, low genetic diversity, and a putative reduction in adaptive potential, leaving populations vulnerable to future environmental and climatic changes. Previous studies using mitochondrial control region and nuclear transcriptome-wide SNP data detected introgressive hybridization in multiple northern B. bombina populations after presumed illegal release of toads from Austria. Here, we determine the impact of this introgression by comparing the body conditions (as a proxy for fitness) of introgressed and non-introgressed populations, and the genetic consequences in two candidate genes for putative local adaptation (the MHC II gene as part of the adaptive immune system and the stress response gene HSP70 kDa). We detected regional differences in body condition. We observed significantly elevated levels of within individual MHC allele counts in introgressed Swedish populations, associated with a tendency towards higher body weight, relative to regional non-introgressed populations. These differences were not observed among introgressed and non-introgressed German populations. Genetic diversity in both MHC and HSP was generally lower in northern than southern populations. Our study sheds light on the potential benefits of translocations of more distantly related conspecifics as a means to increase adaptive genetic variability and fitness of struggling range margin populations without distortion of local adaptation.
15 Feb 2021Submitted to Ecology and Evolution
16 Feb 2021Submission Checks Completed
16 Feb 2021Assigned to Editor
19 Feb 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
11 Mar 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
15 Mar 2021Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
14 May 20211st Revision Received
15 May 2021Submission Checks Completed
15 May 2021Assigned to Editor
15 May 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
15 May 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
28 May 2021Editorial Decision: Accept