(i) Morisky Medication Adherence Scale:
The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) is a validated assessment
tool used to measure non-adherence in a several diseased populations
such as CVDs, diabetes, arthritis, musculoskeletal conditions, and
mental health. It was originally a four-item questionnaire survey with
the dichotomous response categories ‘yes’ or ‘no’. The total score
ranges from zero to four, which represents non-adherence and adherence,
respectively 10. In
2008, a modified eight-item questionnaire was developed. The first seven
items have a dichotomous response category with ‘yes’ or ‘no’, and the
last item uses a five-point Likert response scale. The four items added
on the modified version aim to identify and address the situational and
emotional aspects of medication adherence of the patient11. The total score
ranges from zero to eight with higher scores reflecting higher adherence
and the score less than six denotes that the patient is non-adherent.