Methods
A multi-omics approach integrating genomic and lipidomic discoveries was
employed to identify leptin (Lep) and ceramide (Cer) as novel PE early
gestational biomarkers. The levels of placental growth factor (PlGF),
soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1), Lep, and Cer in maternal sera
were then determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assays.