Plant source Extract Bioactive compound Mode of action In vivo Dose Cell line/Model Reference
Abrus precatorius
Seed extract
Abrus agglutinin (AGG)
p73 suppressed Snail expression, leading to EMT inhibition Induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis Inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
50 μg/kg
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and xenografted nude mice
Sinha et al., 2017, 2019
Celandine (TCM)
——
Sanguinarine
Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
0.5 mg/20 g
Lung CSCs and xenografted nude mice
Yang et al., 2016
Gynura divaricata subsp. formosana
Aqueous extract of aerial part
——
Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
300 mg/kg
Hepatocellular CSCs and xenograft mice model
Yen et al., 2018
Panax quinquefolius
——
Ginsenoside-Rb1
Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling Inhibition of EMT
50 mg/kg
Ovarian CSCs and mouse xenograft models
Deng et al., 2017
Allium sativum (Garlic)
——
Diallyl-trisulfide
Induction of apoptosis Modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
——
Colorectal CSCs
Zhang et al., 2018
Murraya koenigii(L) Spreng
Leaf extract
Koenimbin
Induction of apoptosis by intrinsic pathway Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin self-renewal pathway
——
Breast CSCs
Kamalidehghan et al., 2015
Induction of apoptosis via intrinsic pathway G0/G1 phase arrest
——
Prostate CSCs
Kamalidehghan et al., 2018
Rhodiola crenulata
Root extract
——
Decreased β-catenin expression
20 mg/kg
MCF-7 Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells and mouse xenograft model
Bassa et al., 2016
Chelidonium majus/Macleaya cordata
——
Chelerythrine chloride
Downregulation of β-catenin
——
Non-small cell lung carcinoma stem-like cells
Heng & Cheah, 2020
Evodiae rutaecarpa
——
Evodiamine
Inhibition of Wnt Signaling
——
Gastric CSCs
Wen et al., 2015
Evodiae fructus
——
Evodiamine
Induction of apoptosis Suppression of Notch and Wnt Signaling
——
Colon CSCs
Kim et al., 2019
Baizuan (TCM)
——
Gomisin M2
Downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway Induction of apoptosis
10 μM
Breast CSCs and zebrafish xenograft
Yang et al., 2019
Cruciferous vegetables
——
Sulforaphane (SFN)
Downregulation of DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1) Restoring the expression of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1)
60 mg/kg
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and nude mice xenograft
Chen et al., 2019
Suppression of miR-19 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway
——
Lung CSCs
Zhu et al., 2017
Modulation of Sonic hedgehog–GLI pathway Inhibition of pluripotency markers, angiogenesis markers and EMT markers
——
Pancreatic CSCs
Li et al., 2013
Curcuma longa (Turmeric)
——
Curcumin
Suppression of Sonic Hedgehog pathway Induction of apoptosis Decreased expression of CSC markers
——
Bladder CSCs
Wang et al., 2017
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
Leaf extract
Withaferin A
Hh signal inhibition
——
Human pancreatic (PANC-1), prostate (DU145) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells
Yoneyama et al., 2015
Magnolia
——
Honokiol (HNK)
Decreased expression of sonic hedgehog and CXCR4 Inhibition of NF-κB
150 mg/kg
Pancreatic cancer cells and nude mice xenograft
Averett et al., 2016
BRM270
Alcohol extract
——
Suppression of Sonic Hedgehog pathway Induction of apoptosis
5mg/kg
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stem cells and nude mice xenograft
Huynh et al., 2019
Qingyihuaji (TCM)
——
Baicalein
Modulation of Sonic Hedgehog pathway
20 or 60 mg/kg
Pancreatic CSCs and mice xenograft
Song et al., 2018
Qingyihuaji (TCM)
Water extract
——
Downregulation of Notch-4 and Jagged-1 in Notch signaling pathway
36 g/kg
Pancreatic cancer nude mice xenograft
Yanli et al., 2015
Xiaotansanjie (TCM)
——
——
Inhibition of Notch-1
1.46, 2.92 and 5.84 g/mL
Gastric CSCs and mouse xenografts
Yan, 2014
Psoralea corylifolia
——
Psoralidin
Inhibition of Notch-1 signaling Inhibition of EMT
——
Breast CSCs
Suman et al., 2013
PienTze Huang (TCM)
——
——
Induction of apoptosis Suppression of Notch-1 signaling pathway
——
Colorectal CSCs
Qi et al., 2016
MSC500
——
——
Suppression of ALDH, ABCB5, Oct-4, Sox-2, β-catenin, Gli-1, and Notch-1
——
Glioblastoma stem cells
Yao et al., 2014