Alstonia scholaris
|
Fruit extract
|
Scholarisine Q(1) and R(2)
|
Induction of apoptosis
|
——
|
Glioma stem cell lines
|
Wang et al., 2018
|
Anisomeles indica
|
——
|
Ovatodiolide (Ova)
|
Induction of apoptosis
Modulation of EMT process
Downregulation of CD44, CD133, Sox2, and Oct-4
Dysregulation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway
|
——
|
Glioblastoma cell line
|
Su et al., 2019
|
|
|
|
Induction of apoptosis
Downregulation of Sox-2 and Oct-4
Increase of E-cadherin
Dysregulation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway
|
——
|
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line
|
Liu et al., 2019
|
|
|
|
Induction of apoptosis
Downregulation of CD133, Klf4, Oct4, Nanog and JARID1B
Dysregulation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway
|
3.6 mg/kg
|
Oral CSCs and xenograft mouse models
|
Lin et al., 2018
|
Cruciferous
vegetables
(Broccoli, watercress,
cabbage)
|
——
|
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC)
|
Downregulation of Oct4, Nanog, and Sox-2
|
20 mg/kg
|
Colon cancer cells and mouse xenograft models
|
Yun et al., 2017
|
|
|
|
Promotion of oxidative stress
Suppression of Sp1 transcription factor
|
10 µM
|
Cervical CSCs and xenotransplanted NOD-SCID mouse model
|
Upadhyaya et al., 2019
|
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz
|
Rhizome extract
|
Atractylenolide I (ATL-1)
|
Downregulation of the phosphorylation of proteins related to the
AKT/mTOR pathway
Alteration of apoptosis, glucose metabolism, and stem-like behaviour
|
25 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg
|
Colon cancer cell lines and mouse xenograft model
|
Wang et al., 2020
|
Fructus viticis
(TCM)
|
——
|
Flavonoids
|
Decrease the phosphorylation level of Akt
Downregulation of CD133, CD44 and ALDH1, Bmi1, Nanog and OCT4, Twist1
and Snail1
|
——
|
Lung CSCs
|
Cao et al., 2016
|
Pigeon pea
|
——
|
Cajaninstilbene acid derivatives
|
Cytotoxic (pathway not deduced)
|
——
|
Breast cancer cell line
|
Seo et al., 2015
|
Berberis libanotica Ehrenb
|
Root extract
|
|
G0-G1 arrest
Inhibition of cellular migration and sphere formation
|
——
|
Prostate CSCs
|
El-Merahbi et al., 2014
|
Berberis, Arcangelisia, Hydrastis
|
——
|
Berberine
|
G0/G1 cell cycle arrest
Cancer stemness inhibition (attenuation of CD133, β-catenin, n-myc,
sox2, notch2 and nestin)
EMT reversal by downregulation of PI3/Akt and Ras-Raf-ERK signaling.
|
——
|
Neuroblastoma cells
|
Naveen et al., 2016
|
Dendrobium
venustum
|
Stem extract
|
Lusianthridin
|
Downregulation of Src-STAT3-c-Myc pathways
Pro-survival suppression and pro-apoptotic induction
Abolishment of stemness (decrease in CD133, ABCG2, and ALDH1A1)
|
——
|
Lung CSCs
|
Bhummaphan et al., 2019
|
Curcuma longa
(Turmeric)
|
——
|
Curcumin
|
Downregulation of expression of Vimentin, Fibronectin, β-catenin, and
upregulation of E-cadherin
Decreased expression of Sox-2, Nanog and Oct-4
|
——
|
Breast CSCs
|
Hu et al., 2019
|
|
|
Curcumin
|
Reduction in the expression of ABC transporters ABCG2 and ABCC1
|
——
|
Breast CSCs
|
Zhou et al., 2015
|
|
|
Curcumin
|
Induction of apoptosis
Dysregulation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
|
——
|
Papillary thyroid CSCs
|
Khan et al., 2020
|
|
|
Curcumin
|
Induction of apoptosis
|
5 mg/kg
|
Glioblastoma stem cells and mouse models
|
Wang et al., 2017
|
Walsura pinnata Hassk
|
Bark extract
|
Betulonic acid (BA)
|
Induction of intrinsic apoptosis
|
18, 36 or 54 μM
|
Leukaemia stem cells and xeno-transplanted zebrafish
Model
|
Leong et al., 2017
|
Costus speciosus
|
Rhizome extract
|
——
|
Induction of apoptosis
G0/G1 and G2/M arrest
|
——
|
Prostate cancer cells
|
Elkady, 2019
|
Viola odorata
|
Hydro-alcoholic extract of aerial part
|
——
|
Induction of apoptosis
|
——
|
Breast CSCs
|
Yousefnia et al., 2020
|
Polygonum cuspidatum
|
Root extract
|
2-Ethoxystypandrone
|
Induction of apoptosis
Inhibition of STAT3 signaling
|
——
|
Hepatocellular CSCs
|
Li et al., 2019
|
Cinnammum cassia
(Cinnamon)
|
——
|
Cinnamic acid
|
Downregulation of CSC-associated markers (OCT4, NANOG, ABCB1, and
ALDH1A) and the proportion of CSCs (SP cells, CD44, and CD133 positive
cells)
|
——
|
Colon cancer cell line
|
Soltanian et al., 2018
|
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice)
|
——
|
Glabridin
|
Epigenetic regulation ofmiR-148a/SMAD2 signaling
|
20 mg/kg
|
Breast cancer cell lines and
mouse xenograft models
|
Jiang et al., 2016
|
Morus australis
|
——
|
Morusin
|
Induction of apoptosis
Attenuation of NF-κB activity
|
——
|
Cervical CSCs
|
Wang et al., 2013
|
Lithospermum erythrorhizon
|
——
|
Shikonin
|
Involvement of JNK/c-Jun pathway
|
2 mg/kg
|
Glioblastoma stem cells and xenografted
mice
|
Liu et al., 2015
|
Rosmarinus officinalis
(Rosemary)
|
——
|
Carnosol
|
Induction of apoptosis via p53 functional reactivation
Modulation of EMT
|
——
|
Glioblastoma CSCs
|
Giacomelli et al., 2017
|
Angelica Sinensis
(TCM)
|
——
|
N-butylidenephthalide (BP)
|
Modulation of EMT-genes
Induction of intrinsic apoptosis
|
100 and 200 mg/kg
|
Bladder cancer cells and NOD-SCID mouse xenografts
|
Chiu et al., 2017
|
Bushenshugan
(TCM)
|
——
|
——
|
Induction of apoptosis
Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase
EMT inhibition through PI3K/AKT/ NF-κB pathway
|
——
|
Lung cancer cells
|
Fan et al., 2018
|
PienTze Huang
(TCM)
|
——
|
——
|
Inhibition of ABCB1 and ABCG2
|
——
|
Colorectal CSCs
|
Wei et al., 2014
|
Herbal mixture H3
|
Ethanol extract
of herbal mixture
(Meliae fructus, Cinnamon bark and Sparganium
rhizome)
|
——
|
G0/G1 arrest
Induction of apoptosis
Suppression of ABCG2, POU5F1 and SOX2
|
200 mg/kg
|
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line and nude mice xenografts
|
Pak et al., 2016
|
Allium sativum
(Garlic)
|
——
|
Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate)
|
Increased expression of cyclin D1
|
——
|
Melanoma cells
|
Jobani et al., 2018
|