Figure 3.
(A) A voltage map in the left atrium (LA) after the PVI. Minimum low voltage areas (LVAs) (LVAs/LA: 2.3%) were found in the posterior LA. The red tags show the PVI ablation points. (B) The spectrum of high-DF sites overlapping with LVAs in the posterior LA (7.2Hz with RI 0.72) (pink tag). (C) Electrograms in the posterior LA after the PVI. Intra-atrial bipolar electrograms recorded by a 20-pole spiral-shaped catheter during atrial fibrillation (AF) are shown. The mean AF cycle length is 148 ms. (D) ExTRa Mapping of the posterior LA after the PVI. The activation sequences during 720ms of data (60-ms×12 consecutive time windows) are shown. The white lines indicate the head of the wavefronts and white arrows the direction of the wavefronts. In this case, a wavefront traveling in the posterior LA forms a rotor lasting for 3 rotations. The nonpassively activated ratio (%NP) is 53%.