# Acknowledgement

This study was supported by AOSpine Asia Pacific Research Grant 2019 (AOSAUNZ(R) 2019-05). The first author wishes to acknowledge the University of Adelaide for awarding Adelaide Scholarship International (ASI) for her PhD study. The authors also appreciate the support from the Australian Research Council Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation (project no. IH 150100003). Also, special thanks go to Mr Arash Mazinani for his support with SEM imaging.