Conclusion
Prenatal SHS exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of AD in
school-aged children. The late-onset AD phenotype was most strongly
affected by SHS exposure. Our study highlights the importance of public
health strategies to reduce SHS exposure in the prenatal period and for
earlier AD diagnoses. Further studies that analyze the underlying
mechanisms behind the delayed manifestation of the effect of SHS
exposure on AD are warranted.
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Table 1. Characteristics of the study participants