Acknowledgements
This publication emanated from research conducted with the financial support of Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under Grant Number 15/ERCD/2803 (YMB). Financial support was also provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities to JV (IJCI-2017-32039), by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to LHF, by the Academy of Finland to SR, by the Estonian Research Council (grants PRG609 to MP and PUT1409 to LL) and by the European Regional Development Fund (funding for the Centre of Excellence EcolChange to MP). S. P. Blomberg and J. van Groenendael helped design the PlantPopNet network. We thank A. Ehrlén and A. Pettersson for their help in the greenhouse experiment and S. Coutts for help with Figure 1. We are also grateful to the Archipelago Research Institute, and to numerous field assistants and landowners of sampled sites.