2.11 Confocal assay
LX‐2 cells were plated on glass cover slips in a dish. After exposure to different treatments, the cells were washed three times with PBS, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min and then permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X‐100 for 30 min at room temperature. Next, the cells were incubated with specific primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Cells were washed three times with PBS and subsequently incubated with a fluorochrome‐labelled secondary antibody for 1 hr at room temperature. The cells were then rinsed three times with PBS and the nuclei were counterstained with DAPI for 5 min at room temperature. Images were captured using a Leica SP2 confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems, Exton, PA)