Black flies (Simuliidae)
Three black fly allergens, including antigen 5 (Sim vi 1) as well as serine protease inhibitor and alpha-amylase, have been identified inSimulium vittatum saliva using sera from horses with insect bite hypersensitivity.119 Recent human studies identified four major salivary gland allergens of the Asian black flySimulium nigrogilvum ,120 two of them representing a D7-like and an antigen 5-like protein.