Cross-reactivity of Vespa venoms:
Vespa crabro venom is largely identical to Vespula andDolichovespula venom with SIs between their PLAs1 and antigens 5
being 70-75%. Cross-reactivity between Vespa crabro andVespula is well documented and known to be clinically
relevant.55-58
The antigens 5 from the invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina ),
the Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia/magnifica ) andVespa affinis are nearly identical to Vespa crabro Vesp c
5 (SI 90-95%) and share 65-70% SI with Ves v 5. Hornet PLAs1 share
65-70% SI with each other. Recently two new allergens (dipeptidyl
peptidase IV and serin protease) have been identified in the VVvenom.59
Due to the high similarity between all hornet venoms, cross-reactivity
of (sub)tropical Vespa species with Vespula may be
expected to be comparable to that of Vespa crabro .