Subfamily Ponerinae
Brachyponera ( formerly Pachycondyla) sennaarensis (Samsun ant) is increasing across the Middle East (Figure 2) with multiple case reports of allergic-type reactions, and some stings previously reported to be by imported fire ants (Solenopsis ssp.) are actually now thought to be due to this local species.36,37
Brachyponera (formerly Pachycondyla) chinensis (Asian needle ant) was introduced to the US from Japan in the 1930s, and is now an invasive species disrupting local US native ant populations and causing allergic reactions in its native and exotic range (Figure 2).38,39
Odontomachus bauri (trap-jaw ant) in central and South America and Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger’s ant) in the US have given rise to allergic reaction case reports.35,40