DNA recombination repair systems are essential for organisms to maintain genomic stability. The genus Corynebacterium includes not only known pathogenic bacteria, such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae, but also industrially important production bacteria, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum). However, little is known about the DNA recombination repair mechanism in C. glutamicum. Therefore, exploring the DNA repair mechanism of C. glutamicum will not only deepen our understanding of the DNA repair process of this species, but also guide us to target the treatment of diseases associated with recombination defects, such as cancer. In this paper, we firstly review the classical proteins RecBCD and AddAB involved in DNA recombination repair, secondly focus on the novel helical nuclease AdnAB found in the genus Mycobacterium, and finally review the recent research progress of DNA recombination repair system in the genus Corynebacterium represented by C. glutamicum.