REFERENCES
Bidartondo, M. I., & Bruns, T. D. (2001). Extreme specificity in epiparasitic Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): widespread phylogenetic and geographical structure. Molecular Ecology 10, 2285–2295.
Brew, C. R., O’Dowd D. J., & Rae I. D. (1989). Seed dispersal by ants: Behaviour-releasing compounds in elaiosomes. Oecologia 80, 490–497.
Brodie, J. F. (2017). Evolutionary cascades induced by large frugivores.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114, 11998–12002. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.17101 72114
Bullock, J. M., & Clarke R. T. (2000). Long distance seed dispersal by wind: measuring and modelling the tail of the curve. Oecologia124, 506–521.
Courty, P.-E., Frank, A., Pierrat, J.-C., & Garbaye, J. (2008). Temporal changes in the ectomycorrhizal community in two soil horizons of a temperate oak forest. Applied and Environmental Microbiology74, 5792-5801. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01592-08
Culver, D. C., & Beattie, A. J. (1978). Myrmecochory in Viola : Dynamics of seed-ant interactions in some West Virginia species.Journal of Ecology 66, 53–72.
Diez, L., Deneubourg, J.-L., & Detrain, C. (2012) Social prophylaxis through distant corpse removal in ants. Naturwissenschaften 99, 833–842.
Gibson, W. (1993). Selective advantages to hemi-parasitic annuals, genusMelampyrum , of a seed-dispersal mutualism involving ants: II. Seed-predator avoidance. Oikos 67, 345–350.
Giladi, I. (2006). Choosing benefits or partners: a review of the evidence for the evolution of myrmecochory. Oikos, 112, 481-492.
Hanzawa F.M., Beattie A.J., & Culver D.C. (1988) Directed dispersal: demographic analysis of an ant-seed mutualism. American Naturalist 131, 1-13.
Hosoishi, S., Rahman M., Murakami, T., Park, S.-H., Kuboki, Y., & Ogata, K. (2019). Winter activity of ants in an urban area of western Japan., Sociobiology 66, 414-419.
Imamura, A. & Kurogi, S. (2003). Difference in monotropoid mycorrhiza formation between Monotropastrum globosum and its formaroseum . Mycoscience 44, 63–65.
Kallal, R. J., & LaPolla, J.S. (2012) Monograph of Nylanderia(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World, Part II: Nylanderia in the Nearctic. Zootaxa 3508, 1–64
Kobayashi, Y. (2009). Significance of myrmecochorous seed dispersal forChamaesyce maculata and significance of carrying seeds for ants. Doctoral Thesis, Kagoshima University, Japan. in Japanese.http://hdl.handle.net/10232/15021
Kubo, R., & Ono, M. (2014). Innate attractant for long-tongued bumblebee, Bombus diversus in floral scent of bumblebee‐pollinated epiparasitic plant, Monotropastrum humile(Ericaceae). Entomological Science 17, 432-434.
Lanza, J., Schmitt, M. A., & Awad, A. B. (1992). Comparative chemistry of elaiosomes of three species of Trillium . Journal of Chemical Ecology 18, 209–221.
Lengyel, S., Gove, A. D., Latimer, A. M., Majer, J.D., & Dunn, R. R. (2010). Convergent evolution of seed dispersal by ants, and phylogeny and biogeography in flowering plants: A global survey.Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12, 43–55.
Levey, D. J., & Byrne, M. M. (1993). Complex ant-plant interactions: rain-forest ants as secondary dispersers and post-dispersal seed predators. Ecology 74, 1802–1812.
Merckx, V.S.F.T. (2013). Mycoheterotrophy: The Biology of Plants Living on Fungi. eds Springer, New York.
Nathan, R., Katul G. G., Bohrer G., Kuparinen, A., Soons, M. B., Thompson, S. E., Trakhtenbrot, A., & Horn, H. S. (2001). Mechanistic models of seed dispersal by wind. Theoretical Ecology 4, 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-011-0115-3
Nilsson, C., Gardfjell, &n M., Grelsson ,G. (1991). Importance of hydrochory in structuring plant communities along rivers. Canadian Journal of Botany 69, 2631-2633.
Ohashi, H., Kadota, Y., Murata, J., Yonekura, K., & Kihara, H. (2016). Wild flowers of Japan (Vol. 4) Malvaceae - Apocynaiaceae. Heibonsha, Tokyo.
Ohnishi, Y., Suzuki, N., Katayama, N., & Teranishi, S. (2008). Seasonally different modes of seed dispersal in the prostrate annual,Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small (Euphorbiaceae), with multiple overlapping generations. Ecologocal Research 23, 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-007-0378-8
Rachel, G. (2004). The vertical distribution of ericoid, ecto, and arbuscular mycorrhizae in a mixed species forest soil: correlations with soil N and P distribution and affect on root topology. – Doctoral Thesis, the University of Georgia, USA.
R Core Team. (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
Retana, J., Picó, F. X., & Rodrigo, A. (2004). Dual role of harvesting ants as seed predators and dispersers of a non-myrmecochorous Mediterranean perennial herb. Oikos 105, 377–385.
Suetsugu, K. (2017). Independent recruitment of a novel seed dispersal system by camel crickets in achlorophyllous plants. New Phytologist 217, 828–835
Tanaka, K. & Tokuda, M. (2016). Seed dispersal distances by ant partners reflect preferential recruitment patterns in two ant-dispersed sedges. Evolutionary Ecology 30, 943–952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-016-9846-3
Uehara, Y. & Sugiura, N. (2017). Cockroach-mediated seed dispersal inMonotropastrum humile (Ericaceae): A new mutualistic mechanism.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 185, 113–118.
Valenta, K. & Nevo, O. (2020). The dispersal syndrome hypothesis: How animals shpaed fruit traits, and how they did not. Functional Ecology 34, 1158-1169. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13564
Youngsteadt, E., Nojima, S., Häberlein, C., Schulz, S.,& Schal, C. (2008). Seed odor mediates an obligate ant-plant mutualism in Amazonian rainforests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, 4571–4575. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708643105