2.1 Study population
A total of 15 consecutive patients with persistent (n=6) and
long-standing persistent (n=9) AF undergoing catheter ablation were
enrolled in this study. The protocol of this research project has been
approved by the appropriately constituted ethics committee of the
institution concerned and complies with the provisions of the
Declaration of Helsinki, Committee of 2021.5.25, Approval No.210043.