Component and ensemble density feedbacks decoupled by
density-independent processes
Abstract
Analysis of long-term trends in abundance provide insights into
population dynamics. Population growth rates are the emergent interplay
of fertility, survival, and dispersal, but the density feedbacks on some
vital rates (component) can be decoupled from density feedback on
population growth rates (ensemble). However, the mechanisms responsible
for this decoupling are poorly understood. We simulated component
density feedbacks on survival in age-structured populations of
long-living vertebrates and quantified how imposed nonstationarity
(density-independent mortality and variation in carrying-capacity)
modified the ensemble feedback signal estimated from logistic-growth
models to the simulated abundance time series. The statistical detection
of ensemble density feedback was largely unaffected by
density-independent processes, but catastrophic and proportional
mortality eroded the effect of density-dependent survival on
ensemble-feedback strength more strongly than variation in carrying
capacity. Thus, phenomenological models offer a robust approach to
capture density feedbacks from nonstationary census data when
density-independent mortality is low.