D . RF ablation at these sites eliminated the ATP-induced AF despite the residual dormant conduction of the left PV (black arrow). We applied RF ablation at the posterior segment of the left PV to achieve re-isolation. Finally, we confirmed that ATP induced neither AF nor dormant PV conduction.
ATP = adenosine triphosphate; PV = pulmonary vein; AF = atrial fibrillation; PACs = premature atrial complexes; CS = coronary sinus; HFS = high frequency stimulation.