\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{CJKutf8} 
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}
\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gbsn}

\title{Brain/core Discordance due to Neuronal Activity Identified by
Noninvasive Brain Temperature Measurement via Brain-eyelid Thermal
Tunnels~}



\author[1,2]{M Marc Abreu}%
\author[1]{Trevor M Banack}%
\author[1]{Ala S Haddadin}%
\author[1]{Tyler J Silverman}%
\author[3]{Feng Dai}%
\author[4]{John A Elefteriades}%
\author[5]{Robert Ostroff}%
\author[6]{Michael F Bergeron}%
\author[1,7]{David G Silverman}%
\affil[1]{Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine}%
\affil[2]{Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine}%
\affil[3]{Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University}%
\affil[4]{Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine}%
\affil[5]{Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine}%
\affil[6]{Department of Physical Therapy, Augusta University Medical Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University}%
\affil[7]{John B. Pierce Foundation Laboratory, Yale University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{April 28, 2026}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
We herein performed a series of brain/core temperature discordance
studies in setting of brain excitation and depression to assess whether
noninvasive temperature measurement at highly transmissive eyelid skin
overlying newly discovered brain-eyelid thermal tunnel (BTT\selectlanguage{ngerman}°) is
specific for brain as opposed to core temperature (Core°). BTT°-Core°
was determined during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), seizures
induced during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), pharmacologic depression
by sedation and anesthesia, sleep, stroke, brain trauma, and exercise in
hot environmental chamber. During brain-core decoupling BTT° follows
brain neuronal activity. BTT°-Core° varied dramatically due to extreme
changes during CPB. During ECT, BTT° ipsilateral to induced seizure
increased from 36.38±0.4°C pre-seizure to 36.69°±0.3°C at two minute
post-seizure (p\textless{}0.001 by paired t-test); Core° remained within
0.01°C of baseline (p=0.2). These changes were accompanied by BTT°-Core°
discordance ranging from-0.1°C pre-seizure to +0.31°C post-seizure.
Alternatively, during brain neuronal depression, BTT° ipsilateral to
evolving ischemic stroke and Core° were 35.37±0.2°C and 36.00±0.09°C,
respectively, with p\textless{}0.0001 for BTT°-Core° of 0.63±0.13°C.
These findings document specificity of BTT transmission for brain
thermal energy and illustrate potential BTT° usefulness in myriad
clinical and investigative settings.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{CJK}\end{document}

