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\title{Previously unseen brain-eyelid thermal tunnel reveals biological waveguide and transorbital thermophysical pathway to the brain}



\author[1,2]{M Marc Abreu}%
\author[3]{Ricardo L Smith}%
\author[1,4]{Keith Ruskin}%
\author[5]{Adriano F Da Silva}%
\author[1]{Ala S Haddadin}%
\author[6]{Michael F Bergeron}%
\author[1]{Trevor M Banack}%
\author[1,7]{David G Silverman}%
\affil[1]{Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine}%
\affil[2]{Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine}%
\affil[3]{Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo}%
\affil[4]{Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine}%
\affil[5]{Department of Radiology, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School}%
\affil[6]{Department of Physical Therapy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University}%
\affil[7]{John B Pierce Foundation Laboratory, Yale University}%


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  \date{April 28, 2026}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Fat is recognized as low thermoconductivity (\emph{k}) tissue and
barrier for thermal transmission. We here identify and characterize
morphologically, radiologically, and thermo-physically fat-enabled
bilateral integrated blood/fat/skin thermal pathways, referred as
Brain-eyelid Thermal Tunnels (BTT), that enable undisturbed thermal
transmission between brain and uniquely radiant high-\emph{k} skin in
the right and left eyelids. We elucidated cranial ``aberrancies'',
justified the facial ``death triangle'' and uncovered perihypothalamic
thermoregulatory-sensory triunal inherent to brain thermal homeostasis
that revealed thermal communication among brain, heart, and environment.
Our results introduce the first evidence for a brain-surface
thermo-physical pathway and biological thermal waveguide. Said
transmission was documented by an isolated beam of emission at the
ipsilateral BTT terminus. We showed brain thermal transfer via BTT
during neurosurgery by comparison of noninvasive temperature measurement
at the BTT site (BTT\selectlanguage{ngerman}°) to direct temperature measurement in brain
parenchyma (Parenchyma°) in open craniotomy (BTT° - Parenchyma° =
0.012±0.2°C, p=0.91), as opposed to 0.45°C difference between BTT° and
core temperature. This indicates that BTT° provides an accurate
noninvasive method for measuring human brain temperature unimpeded by
the body's thermal barrier through transorbital thermo-physical
configurations.~%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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