Abbreviations: AAD – antiarrhythmic drugs, AF – atrial fibrillation; CAD – coronary artery disease, DC – direct cardioversion, ECG –electrocardiography, HF – heart failure, NYHA – New Your Heart Association, LA – left atrium, LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction, NSR – normal sinus rhythm, OR – operating room

¹Other RoB2 biases – measurement of outcomes; selection of reported results

Table 3 . Observational (non-randomized controlled) studies: main characteristics and risk of bias assessment.