Data are presented as count (%) or mean±SD. *median (IQR), †patients included also in the study by Beckmann et al. Abbreviations: ACC, aortic cross clamp; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; d, day; ICU, intensive care unit; N, number; n/a, not applicable
Table 2. Summary of perioperative data (minimally invasive versus full sternotomy groups)
Study name Shrestha M et al.10 Monsefi et al.11 Charchyan et al.15 Hou et al.14 Shah et al.16
  MS FS MS FS MS FS† MS FS† MS FS
N of patients 26 14 90 206 30 30 52 52 16 27
Concomitant procedures          
Hemiarch replacement 4 (15.4) 6 (42.9) 9 (19) 55 (22.7) 1 (3.3) 5 (8.1) 4 (7.7) 3 (5.8) 0 0
Total arch replacement 0 0 10 (11) 8 (4) 2 (6.6) 14 (22.9) 1 (1.9) 1 (1.9) 0 0
Frozen elephant trunk 0 0 5 (6) 9 (4) 0 0 1 (1.9) 0 0 0
CABG 1 (3.9) 0 4 (4) 43 (21) 0 8 (13) 0 0 0 0
CPB time (mins) 175.8 ± 41.9 163 ± 24.5 188 ± 48 198 ± 42 147 ± 14 134 ± 31 139 ± 30.9 170.7 ± 44.7 199.5 (182.5 - 208)* 212 (183–223)*
ACC time (mins) 115.6 ± 30.3 12.2±8.5 138 ± 32 146 ± 31 130 ± 17 115 ± 21 110.6 ± 19.9 137.8 ± 29.2 168.5 (154.5 – 179)* 188 (155–199)*
Intraoperative RBC (units) 1.0±1.7 2.1±1.8 1.6±3 3.7±6 n/a n/a 0 (0-0) 0 (0-2) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–2)
Mechanical ventilation (h) 12±7.2 14.4±16.8 n/a n/a 5±1.9 11.3±1.5 14.5 ± 8.3 18.3 ± 36.2 n/a n/a
Re-exploration for bleeding 1 (3.2) 1 (7.1) 8 (9) 26 (13) 0 (0) 2 (6.6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (6.3) 0 (0)
Wound infection n/a n/a 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (6.6) 1 (3.3) n/a n/a 0 (0) 0 (0)
30-day stroke 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) 2 (1) 1 (3.3) 1 (3.3) n/a n/a 0 (0) 0 (0)
30-day mortality 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 6 (3) 1 (3.3) 1 (3.3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
ICU stay (d) 1.3 ± 0.6 2.1 ± 1.5 1.1 ± 0.5 1.8 ± 2.9 1.2 ± 0.4 1.2 ± 0.4 2.1 ± 1.3 2.9 ± 1.5 3 (2 - 3.5)* 3 (2–4)*
Hospital stay (d) 10.4 ± 6.8 9.1 ± 2.7 9 ± 4 n/a 8 ± 2.6 8 ± 2.6 n/a n/a 6 (6 – 7)* 7 (6–9)*