Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Ex Situ
Heart Perfusion using Pump Supported and Passive Afterload Working Mode,
a pilot study.
Abstract
Background Ex-situ heart perfusion (ESHP) has been developed to decrease
cold ischemia time and allow metabolic assessment of donor’s hearts
prior to transplantation. Current clinical ESHP systems preserve the
heart in an unloaded condition and only evaluate the cardiac metabolic
profile. In this pilot study we performed echocardiographic functional
assessment using two alternative systems for left ventricular (LV)
loading: Pump Supported Afterload Working Mode (SAM) and Passive
Afterload Working Modes (PAM). Methods Six hearts were procured from
male Yorkshire pigs. During cold ischemia, hearts were mounted on our
custom made ESHP circuit and a 3D printed enclosure for the performance
of echocardiography with a standard TEE probe. Following perfusion with
Langherdorf mode of the unloaded heart, the system was switched into
different working modes to allow LV loading and functional assessment:
pump supported (SAM) and passive (PAM). Echocardiographic assessment of
left ventricular function in the donor hearts was performed in vivo and
at 1h of ESHP with SAM, after 4.5h with PAM and after 5.5h with SAM.
Results We obtained good quality epicardial echocardiographic images at
all time points allowing for comprehensive LV systolic assessment. All
indices showed a decrease in LV systolic function throughout the trial
with the biggest drop after heart harvesting. Conclusion We demonstrated
the feasibility of echocardiographic functional assessment during ESHP
and two different working modes. The expected LV systolic dysfunction
consisted of a reduction in EF, FAC, FS, and Strain throughout the
experiment with the most significant decrease after harvesting.