Results
A total of 82 participants, 44 males and 38 females, enrolled in the study. All study participants were black with a median age of 11 years old (range 2-21). In order to analyze the data for potential differences, measurements were extrapolated and compared between age groups and biological sex. The summary of all measured pupil dynamics and corresponding mean values with reported p-values can be seen in Table 1. The overall mean minimum and maximum pupil sizes were 3.52mm and 5.08mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation in minimum and maximum pupil size with age (Fig. 2). The mean dilation velocity and maximum constriction velocity were 1.03mm/s and -4.48mm/s, respectively. No statistical significant correlation was found between dilation velocity, maximum constriction velocity and age (Fig. 2). There was no statistically significant difference between males and females for all pupil dynamics. A breakdown of participant ages and corresponding mean maximum and minimum pupil sizes can be seen in Table 2.
The Brown et al. study reported a mean maximum constriction velocity of -4.42mm/s, mean maximum pupil size of 4.97mm, and mean minimum pupil size of 3.4mm for their healthy black participants revealing no significant difference compared to our means (t = 0.46; p = 0.645), (t= 1.25, p = 0.216), (t = 1.84, p = 0.069), respectively. However, comparing our participants with their white participants, there was a significant difference in maximum constriction velocity (t = 3.45; p = 0.009), maximum pupil size (t = -5.57mm, p < 0.00001), and minimum pupil size (t = -3.24, p = 0.002).