Results
A total of 82 participants, 44 males and 38 females, enrolled in the
study. All study participants were black with a median age of 11 years
old (range 2-21). In order to analyze the data for potential
differences, measurements were extrapolated and compared between age
groups and biological sex. The summary of all measured pupil dynamics
and corresponding mean values with reported p-values can be seen in
Table 1. The overall mean minimum and maximum pupil sizes were 3.52mm
and 5.08mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant
correlation in minimum and maximum pupil size with age (Fig. 2). The
mean dilation velocity and maximum constriction velocity were 1.03mm/s
and -4.48mm/s, respectively. No statistical significant correlation was
found between dilation velocity, maximum constriction velocity and age
(Fig. 2). There was no statistically significant difference between
males and females for all pupil dynamics. A breakdown of participant
ages and corresponding mean maximum and minimum pupil sizes can be seen
in Table 2.
The Brown et al. study reported a mean maximum constriction velocity of
-4.42mm/s, mean maximum pupil size of 4.97mm, and mean minimum pupil
size of 3.4mm for their healthy black participants revealing no
significant difference compared to our means (t = 0.46; p = 0.645), (t=
1.25, p = 0.216), (t = 1.84, p = 0.069), respectively. However,
comparing our participants with their white participants, there was a
significant difference in maximum constriction velocity (t = 3.45; p =
0.009), maximum pupil size (t = -5.57mm, p < 0.00001), and
minimum pupil size (t = -3.24, p = 0.002).