1 Impaired renal function was defined as glomerular filtration rate <85%
2 Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index >25.
3 Former or active.

Intraoperative outcomes

Intraoperative outcomes of the cohort are shown in table 2. Overall mean total surgery time was 131.67±56.71 minutes, with mean aortic cross-clamping and CPB times of 33.31±14.09 minutes and 45.55±19.04 minutes, respectively. Of all surgeries, 15 (7.65%) were minimally invasive, via upper J mini-sternotomy.
The M size of Perceval ® valve was the most frequently implanted prothesis, accounting for 69 patients of the entire cohort (35.6%), followed by the size L in 64 patients (33.0%), XL in 35 (17.0%) and the size S in 28 (14.4%).
Isolated AVR was performed in 122 (62.24%) patients. Concomitant single CABG surgery was performed in 22 (11.22%) patients, double CABG surgery in 23 (11.73%) and triple CABG surgery in 4 (2.04%). Other concomitant procedures included mitral and/or tricuspid valvular repair/replacements in 12 patients (6.12%), Morrow procedure in 10 (5.10%), supracoronary ascending aorta replacement in 2 (1.02%) and Dor procedure in 1 (0.51%) patient. 2 patients (1.02%) had already undergone previous cardiac surgery.
The Perceval ® valve was successfully implanted in 196 patients (98.98%), whereas in 2 cases (2/198 = 1.01%), conversion to conventional bioprosthesis (Edwards Perimount Magna Ease®) was required after valve explantation due to severe displacement. In 4 cases (2/196 = 2.04%) reimplantation was necessary to readjust the valve, due to misplacement/paravalvular leaks.
Table 2 - Intraoperative outcomes (mean ± SD)