Aortic atresia
Aortic atresia is frequently associated with mitral atresia in the context of a hypoplastic left heart and will be discussed below. Isolated aortic atresia constitutes a rare cardiovascular anomaly. This cardiac condition can occur with a ventricular septal defect and a normal left ventricular size, but this occurrence is very rare and is almost ever accompanied by a perforate mitral valve53. Additional (severe) mitral regurgitation has been shown to carry a rather poor prognosis54. Aortic atresia uncommonly can complicate AV septal defects, univentricular hearts or transposition of the great arteries55.