Study Population
A total of 49,361 heart transplant patients were included (Figure 1 ). Mean age was 51.9 years (SD 12.0), 76.7% (n=37,876) of recipients were male, and 75.4% (n=37,224) of patients were Caucasian. The most frequent etiology of heart failure leading to transplant listing was dilated myopathy in 72.8%. Pre-transplant comorbidities included 18.2% with diabetes, 0.5% with known prior malignancy, 22.2% with smoking history, and a mean GFR of 70.0 mL/min/1.73m2 (SD 25.8) (Table 1 ).