Patient Characteristics
Twelve (29%) and 29 (71%) patients were classified into the EC and non-EC groups, respectively (Figure 2). Representative electroanatomical mapping of cases in both groups is shown in Figures 3 and 4. In all patients in the EC group, breakthroughs were observed during RAPW pacing, not during the RAA pacing. A trend toward shorter conduction time from the RAPW stimulus to the LA and LA excitation time in the EC group was observed compared with the non-EC group (48.5 ± 12.2 vs. 55.6 ± 14.4, p = 0.18, 98.3 ± 20.2 vs. 107.2 ± 19.7, p = 0.43, respectively); however, the differences were not significant (Table 2). The other characteristics of the two groups are described in Table 1. The differences in patient characteristics other than age were nonsignificant (EC-group: 66.5± 6.6 years vs. non-EC group: 72.4± 8.3 years, p < 0.03).