Major findings
The main findings of the present study were as follows: (1) RAPW pacing revealed EC of the right PV in a considerable number of patients (29%), while RAA pacing revealed no EC in any of the patients; (2) for achieving PV isolation, ablation on the carina was more frequently required in the EC group than in the non-EC group; and (3) patients in the EC group were younger and had less periatrial and intercaval EAT compared with those in the non-EC group.