Figure 3. Activation Maps Showing Left Atrial Breakthrough during Right Atrial Pacing in a Patient with Epicardial Connection
Representative atrial activation maps demonstrating left atrial breakthrough in a patient with epicardial connection. Local latency at the anteroseptal and carina regions are shown in each map. A magenta tag indicates the pacing site in the right atrium on each map. Activation map shows double breakthroughs at both the anteroseptal region and the carina. The epicardial connection is observed as one of the double breakthroughs and depicted only during right atrial posterior wall pacing.
LA = left atrium; RA = right atrium; LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV = right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein.