Figure 3. Activation Maps Showing Left Atrial Breakthrough during Right
Atrial Pacing in a Patient with Epicardial Connection
Representative atrial activation maps demonstrating left atrial
breakthrough in a patient with epicardial connection. Local latency at
the anteroseptal and carina regions are shown in each map. A magenta tag
indicates the pacing site in the right atrium on each map. Activation
map shows double breakthroughs at both the anteroseptal region and the
carina. The epicardial connection is observed as one of the double
breakthroughs and depicted only during right atrial posterior wall
pacing.
LA = left atrium; RA = right atrium; LSPV = left superior pulmonary
vein; LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV = right superior
pulmonary vein; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein.