EC group (n=12) Non-EC group (n=29) p-value
Age, years 66.5±6.6 72.4± 8.3 0.021
Sex (female), n 5 (41.7) 12 (41.4) 1
Persistent AF, n 7 (58.3) 19 (65.5) 0.73
LA diameter, mm 39.9± 5.0 39.7±6.5 0.94
Hypertension, n 5 (41.7) 17 (58.6) 0.493
Diabetes mellitus, n 2 (16.7) 7 (24.1) 0.47
Congestive heart failure, n 4 (33.3) 10 (34.4) 1
Body mass index, kg/m2 22.8±3.2 24.3±3.9 0.241
LV ejection fraction, % 53.1±14.8 58.4±11.1 0.219
β-Blocker, n 8 (66.7) 14 (48.2) 0.325
Class Ia-c drug, n 2 (16.7) 5 (17.2) 1
Class III drug, n 1 (8.3) 11 1 (3.4) 0.505
Digoxin, n 0 (0) 1 (3.4) 1