(a)
OS p value DFS p value
Age (years) (mean ± SD) 57.6 ± 11.4 57.6 ± 11.4 0.752 0.094
Age (years), n (%) > 60 < 60 13 (39.4%) 20 (60.6%) 13 (39.4%) 20 (60.6%)
0.977
0.370
Gender, n (%) Female Male 11 (33.3%) 22 (66.7%) 11 (33.3%) 22 (66.7%)
0.859
0.151
BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) 27.6 ± 4.1 27.6 ± 4.1 0.379 0.317
Smoking, n (%) Yes No 20 (60.6%) 13 (39.4%) 20 (60.6%) 13 (39.4%)
0.083
0.547
Smoking (pack years) (mean ± SD) 39.5 ± 19.1 39.5 ± 19.1
Alcohol intake, n (%) Yes No 3 (9.1%) 30 (90.9%) 3 (9.1%) 30 (90.9%)
0.612
0.148
Symptoms, n (%) Flank pain Hematuria Abdominal swelling Weight loss Incidental 14 (42.4%) 11 (33.3%) 4 (12.1%) 1 (3.1%) 3 (9.1%) 14 (42.4%) 11 (33.3%) 4 (12.1%) 1 (3.1%) 3 (9.1%)
0.709
0.504
CCI, n (%) 0 1 2 3 8 (24.2%) 15 (45.4%) 9 (27.2%) 1 (3.2%) 8 (24.2%) 15 (45.4%) 9 (27.2%) 1 (3.2%)
0.147
0.538
Anticoagulant - antiplatelet medication, n (%) Yes No 5 (15.1%) 28 (84.9%) 5 (15.1%) 28 (84.9%)
0.413
0.264
ASA score, n (%) ASA I ASA II ASA III 15 (45.4%) 16 (48.5%) 2 (6.1%) 15 (45.4%) 16 (48.5%) 2 (6.1%)
0.362
0.615
ECOG score, n (%) ECOG 0 ECOG 1 27 (81.9%) 6 (18.1%) 27 (81.9%) 6 (18.1%)
0.082
0.776
Familial cancer history, n (%) Yes No 6 (18.1%) 27 (81.9%) 6 (18.1%) 27 (81.9%)
0.495
0.202
Tumor side, n (%) Left kidney Right kidney 10 (30.3%) 23 (69.7%) 10 (30.3%) 23 (69.7%)
0.717
0.392
Clinical tumor size (cm) mean ± SD
10.7 ± 4.38
10.7 ± 4.38
Clinical tumor size (cm), n (%) ≤4 cm >4, ≤ 7 cm >7, ≤ 10 cm >10 cm 0 8 (24.2%) 11 (33.3%) 14 (42.4%) 0 8 (24.2%) 11 (33.3%) 14 (42.4%)
0.047
0.249
Mayo Clinic thrombus level, n (%) Level I Level II Level III Level IV 15 (45.4%) 5 (15.2%) 8 (24.2%) 5 (15.2%) 15 (45.4%) 5 (15.2%) 8 (24.2%) 5 (15.2%)
0.057
0.02
Clinical stage, n (%) T3a T3b T3c T4 9 (27.2%) 16 (48.5%) 8 (24.2%) 0 9 (27.2%) 16 (48.5%) 8 (24.2%) 0
0.473
0.294
Preoperative clinical M1 disease, n (%) Yes No 9 (27.2%) 24 (72.8%) 9 (27.2%) 24 (72.8%)
0.014
-
Preoperative clinical N1 disease, n (%) Yes No 8 (24.2%) 25 (75.8%) 8 (24.2%) 25 (75.8%)
0.973
-
(b)
Operation type, n (%) Open radical nephrectomy Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy Open nephroureterectomy 31 (93.8%) 1 (3.1%) 1 (3.1%) 31 (93.8%) 1 (3.1%) 1 (3.1%)
0.998
0.1
Additional procedure, n (%) Thrombectomy LND CABG Intracardiac tumor excision Valvuloplasty Sternotomy Metastasectomy Cholecystectomy Hepatic lobectomy 33 (100%) 21 (63.6%) 3 (9.1%) 3 (9.1%) 3 (9.1%) 8 (24.2%) 1 (3.1%) 2 (6.2%) 1 (3.1%) 33 (100%) 21 (63.6%) 3 (9.1%) 3 (9.1%) 3 (9.1%) 8 (24.2%) 1 (3.1%) 2 (6.2%) 1 (3.1%)
Mean blood loss (cc) (mean ± SD) 1064.8 ± 1288.97 1064.8 ± 1288.97 0.763 0.819
Operative time (min) (mean ± SD) 264.5 ± 91.8 264.5 ± 91.8 0.191 0.370
Mean transfusion, per patient (mean ± SD) ES FFP 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.5
0.248
0.328
Perioperative complication, n (%) Hemorrhage
3 (9.1%)
3 (9.1%)
0.451
0.378
Postoperative early complication, n (%) Infection Hemorrhage 7 (21.2%) 4 (12.1%) 7 (21.2%) 4 (12.1%)
0.217
0.285
Clavien score, n (%) Clavien I Clavien II Clavien IIIa Clavien IIIb Clavien IV Clavien V 11 (33.2%) 19 (57.5%) 1 (3.1%) 2 (6.2%) 0 0 11 (33.2%) 19 (57.5%) 1 (3.1%) 2 (6.2%) 0 0
0.184
0.122
(c) (c) (c) (c) (c) (c)
Histopathology, n (%) RCC Invasive urothelial carcinoma Mesenchymal malignant tumor PTEN-Ewing group sarcoma Histopathology, n (%) RCC Invasive urothelial carcinoma Mesenchymal malignant tumor PTEN-Ewing group sarcoma 30 (90.7%) 1 (3.1%) 1 (3.1%) 1 (3.1%)
0.224
0.311
RCC, subtypes, n (%) Clear cell RCC Chromophobe RCC Papillary RCC Conventional RCC Unclassified RCC, subtypes, n (%) Clear cell RCC Chromophobe RCC Papillary RCC Conventional RCC Unclassified 19 (63.4%) 2 (6.7%) 1 (3.3%) 3 (9.9%) 5 (16.7%)
0.873
0.805
Sarcomatoid differentiation, n (%) Yes No Sarcomatoid differentiation, n (%) Yes No 8 (24.2%) 25 (75.8%)
0.810
0.283
Histological pattern, n (%) Solid Solid, alveolar Solid, tubular Solid, trabecular Tubular, microcystic Tubular, tubulopapillar Alveolar, fascicular Invasive Histological pattern, n (%) Solid Solid, alveolar Solid, tubular Solid, trabecular Tubular, microcystic Tubular, tubulopapillar Alveolar, fascicular Invasive 11 (33.3%) 11 (33.3%) 4 (12.2%) 2 (6.1%) 2 (6.1%) 1 (3.0%) 1 (3.0%) 1 (3.0%)
0.210
0.053
Pathological cancer size (cm) (mean ± SD) Mean Pathological cancer size (cm) (mean ± SD) Mean
10.9 ± 4.9
Pathological cancer size (cm), n (%) ≤4 >4, ≤ 7 >7, ≤ 10 >10 Pathological cancer size (cm), n (%) ≤4 >4, ≤ 7 >7, ≤ 10 >10 0 5 (15.2%) 16 (48.5%) 12 (36.3%)
0.046
0.005
Fuhrman grade, n (%) Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Fuhrman grade, n (%) Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV 0 2 (7.4%) 12 (44.4%) 13 (48.2%)
0.750
0.260
Surgical margin, n (%) Negative Positive Surgical margin, n (%) Negative Positive 32 (96.9%) 1 (3.1%)
0.591
0.935
Vascular invasion, n (%) Yes No Vascular invasion, n (%) Yes No 30 (90.9%) 3 (9.1%)
0.562
0.252
Capsule and perinephric tissue invasion, n (%) Yes No Capsule and perinephric tissue invasion, n (%) Yes No 18 (54.5%) 15 (45.5%)
0.506
0.163
Lymph node invasion, n (%) Yes No Lymph node invasion, n (%) Yes No 11 (33.3%) 22 (66.7%)
0.066
0.437
OS = overall survival; DFS = disease-free survival; BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; SD = standard deviation; LND = lymph node dissection; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; ES = erythrocytes suspension; FFP = fresh frozen plasma; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog. OS = overall survival; DFS = disease-free survival; BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; SD = standard deviation; LND = lymph node dissection; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; ES = erythrocytes suspension; FFP = fresh frozen plasma; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog. OS = overall survival; DFS = disease-free survival; BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; SD = standard deviation; LND = lymph node dissection; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; ES = erythrocytes suspension; FFP = fresh frozen plasma; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog. OS = overall survival; DFS = disease-free survival; BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; SD = standard deviation; LND = lymph node dissection; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; ES = erythrocytes suspension; FFP = fresh frozen plasma; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog. OS = overall survival; DFS = disease-free survival; BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; SD = standard deviation; LND = lymph node dissection; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; ES = erythrocytes suspension; FFP = fresh frozen plasma; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog. OS = overall survival; DFS = disease-free survival; BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; SD = standard deviation; LND = lymph node dissection; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; ES = erythrocytes suspension; FFP = fresh frozen plasma; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog.