Metabolism-mediated mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal
speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms
Abstract
Recent results suggest that metabolism-mediated stomatal closure
mechanisms are important to regulate differentially the stomatal
speediness between ferns and angiosperms. However, evidence directly
linking mesophyll metabolism and the slower stomatal conductance (gs) in
ferns is missing. Here we investigated the effect of exogenous
application of abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose and mannitol on gs kinetics
and carried out a metabolic fingerprinting analysis of ferns and
angiosperms leaves harvested throughout a diel course. Ferns stomata did
not respond to ABA in the time period analysed. No differences in the
relative decrease in gs was observed between ferns and the angiosperm
following provision of sucrose or mannitol. However, ferns have slower
gs responses to these compounds than angiosperms. Metabolomics analysis
highlights that ferns have higher accumulation of secondary rather than
primary metabolites throughout the diel course, with the opposite being
observed in angiosperms. Our results indicate that metabolism-mediated
stomatal closure mechanism is conserved among ferns and angiosperms and
that the slower stomatal closure in ferns is associated to a reduced
capacity to respond to mesophyll-derived sucrose and to a higher carbon
allocation toward secondary metabolism, which likely modulates both
photosynthesis-stomatal movements and growth-stress tolerance
trade-offs.