2.1 Study patients
The study included 102 patients
(77 men, 25 women; mean age 64 ± 10 years) who had undergone
radiofrequency (RF) ablation for AF at Nihon University Itabashi
Hospital or Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center between September 2016
and April 2019. Before the ablation procedure, all had undergone cardiac
computed tomography (CT), and all had undergone voltage mapping during
sinus rhythm. Transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography had
also been performed before ablation, and the following echocardiographic
measures had been obtained; LA diameter, left ventricular diastolic
diameter (LVDd) and LV systolic diameter (LVDs), LV ejection fraction
(LVEF) (calculated by the Teichholz method), and diastolic function
(E/E′). The study was approved by Nihon University Itabashi Hospital
Clinical Research Judging Committee and Kawaguchi Municipal Medical
Center Ethics Committee.