Study |
Summary |
Conclusions |
Gogoladze G et al. 77
|
Prospective study, 10
normal;10 with 2 to 4+ FMR. 3D TEE; data analyzed using QLAB
quantification software (Philips), which was able to accurately align
orthogonal views from full volume 3D images. |
MV leaflet coaptation length is
asymmetric in normal valves, with anterior dominance. The ”anterior
leaflet reserve” compensates for the posterior movement of the
coaptation line until the reserve is exceeded. |
Cobey F C et al, 73
|
Prospective study, 25 patients
with FMR underwent cardiac operations. 3D TEE, TomTec Imaging Systems at
end-systolic 3D models (3D end-systolic MV coaptation zone/3D MV area)
was used to produce a dimension less coaptation zone index that could
then be used to compare individual valves. |
When indexed to the MV area, the 3D
MV coaptation region is closely related to FMR severity. Assessment of
the mitral coaptation may be a potentially powerful tool for
perioperative evaluation of the MV competency. |
Bouma W et al.80
|
Prospective study, 50 patients with
IMR. 3D TEE; data analyzed using TomTec Imaging Systems at mid systole. |
Preoperative regional leaflet tethering of segment P3 is a strong
independent predictor of IMR recurrence after undersized ring
annuloplasty. For patients with a preoperative P3 tethering angle
≥29.9°, chordal-sparing valve replacement should be considered rather
than valve repair. |
Dan Wei et al.7
|
Prospective study, 20 patients
underwent MV valvuloplasty for mitral regurgitation were included. 2D
TEE; the coaptation height was defined as the length between the free
edge of the anterior and posterior leaflets to left atrial surface level
at end-systole. |
The MV repair with MV ring can cause morphological
changes of the MV structure. The increase of coaptation height after MV
repair may be one of the main factors regulating mitral
regurgitation. |
Cho E J et al. 75
|
Prospective study, 47 patients
with chronic severe MR and preserved LV systolic function scheduled for
MV repair were prospectively enrolled. 3D TEE was performed before the
operation and immediately post-operative. Measurements taken using
Philips Q-lab MV quantification software during late systole. |
MA
height may be a useful prognostic factor for determining the timing of
surgery in patients with chronic primary MR. Annulus height/BSA assessed
by 3D TEE may provide additional information to predict LA remodeling
after successful MV repair. |
Feroze Mahmood et al. 74
|
Prospective study, IMR
group, n=66; control group, n =10. 3D TEE; measurements taken using
TomTec Imaging Systems at mid-systolic 3D models. |
Specific 3D
variations in MV geometry can be used to reliably identify a
significantly remodeled valve apparatus. |
Bretschneider C et al. 76
|
Prospective study, 48
patients with chronic MI. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocol
included cine steady-state free-precession sequences in a 4-chamber
view, 2-chamber view as well as in short-axis views from MV to apex. MR
images were assessed by two independent experienced readers for the
presence, extent and location of PM infarction. |
The presence of PM
infarction does not correlate with IMR. The severity of mitral
regurgitation is not increased in patients with partial or no PM
infarction. |