LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Transient production of recombinant spike in HEK
and CHO cells. HEK Expi293F cells and CHO-S cells were transfected with
plasmids encoding spike gene using PEI under optimized conditions and
cultured at 37°C or 32°C. CHO cultures were fed every 2 days with 5%
v/v EfficientFeed B. (A) Recombinant qP and titer. (B) Viable cell
density post-transfection (cell viability >70%). (C)
Coomassie-stained reducing SDS-PAGE gel of purified HEK and CHO
cell-derived spike (~190
kDa).
Figure 2. Development of a stable production platform for
SARS-CoV-2 spike in CHO cells. (A) Generation and analysis of CHO stable
transfectant pools expressing recombinant spike under the control of
synthetic promoters. CHO-S cells were electroporated in duplicate with
plasmids containing a GS gene driven by an SV40 promoter and a spike
gene driven by either a 40RPU or 100RPU synthetic promoter, followed by
selection in glutamine-free media containing 25 μM or 50 μM MSX under
suspension condition. Recovered cell pools were assessed for their
ability to express spike in a 3-days batch culture by Western blot.
Figure shown is a representative Western blot of two technical
replicates. (B) Cells from the best performing pools in A were
inoculated and cultured at 37°C, 32°C, or 37°C with a shift to 32°C at
Day 3. Cultures were fed every 2 days with 5% v/v EfficientFeed B. (C)
Comparison of the fed-batch culture production performance without or
with a chemical addition (chemical screening data is shown in
Supplementary Figure S2). 1 mM VPA and/or 12.5 mM betaine were added at
Day 4 for the biphasic cultures or at Day 6 for the 32°C cultures. Data
are normalized with respect to culture at 37°C without any chemical
addition. Data shown are the mean value ± standard deviation of two
independently generated stable pools each performed in
duplicate.
Figure 3. Optimization of affinity chromatography
purification strategies for spike protein using HisTrap columns. (A)
Coomassie stained gel of the initial purification strategy of spike
utilizing the method from Stadlbauer et al. (2020) with associated
impurities identified using tandem mass spectrometry. (B) Assessment of
spike sample shown in A by Western Blot. (C) Gradient elution of spike
protein starting from 10 mM imidazole up to a final concentration of 250
mM imidazole. (D) Purified spike from optimized step elution affinity
chromatography.
Figure 4. Evaluation of CHO-spike
anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. (A) 234 negative serum samples (taken
pre-COVID-19 outbreak) and 26 positive serum samples (taken ≥15 days
post-positive PCR test) were used to evaluate the assay performance,
yielding an overall sensitivity of 92.3% anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
(B) To determine the assay precision, 1 serum sample was assayed in
triplicates at 5 separate times over 2 days (n =
15).