The effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on children with asthma-related
symptoms: A tertiary care center experience
Abstract
Background: Acute asthma exacerbations are a common cause for emergency
department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in children. Since the
outbreak of COVID-19 and the education system closure/ total lockdown in
Israel on March 2020, we have noticed a decrease in pediatric ED visits
and an increase in hospitalizations of asthma exacerbations. Objective:
to examine the patterns of ED visits for asthma exacerbations during
COVID-19 outbreak, in comparison to the previous year. Methods: a
retrospective study comparing asthma related ED visits and
hospitalizations among children aged 2-18 years at a tertiary center in
southern Israel. Three time periods were selected: 2020A (pre- lockdown,
1/2/20-14/3/20), 2020B (lockdown, 15/3/20-15/5/20) and 2020 C (post-
lockdown, 16/5/20-30/6/20) and compared to the three parallel time
periods in 2019. Data regarding demographics, number of ED visits and
clinical severity parameters were collected and analyzed. Results: 512
children visited the ED for asthma exacerbation: 273 children during
2019 and 239 children during 2020, with significantly fewer ED visits
per day during the lockdown period (1.8 vs 1.43, p<0.001),
compared to the parallel period in 2019. Significantly higher
hospitalization rate (47.1% vs 33.7%, p=0.05) and longer length of
stay (LOS) (3.15 vs 1.9 days, p= 0.03) were observed during the
lockdown. Conclusion: lockdown is associated with fewer ED visits for
asthma exacerbation, probably due to; reduced exposure to viral
infections and environmental allergens, decreased availability of
primary physicians and families’ reluctance to arrive to the ED. ED
visits during lockdown were characterized by higher hospitalization rate
and longer LOS.