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Molecular identification and phylogenetic characterization of influenza A virus at a wildlife-livestock interface in Mexico
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  • Jessica Mateus-Anzola,
  • Liliana Gaytan-Cruz,
  • Cecilia Montoya-Carrillo,
  • Ivan Sanchez-Betancourt,
  • Heliot Zarza,
  • RENE Segura-Velázquez,
  • Rafael Ojeda-Flores
Jessica Mateus-Anzola
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Corresponding Author:jessica29anzol@hotmail.com

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Liliana Gaytan-Cruz
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Cecilia Montoya-Carrillo
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Ivan Sanchez-Betancourt
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Heliot Zarza
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma
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RENE Segura-Velázquez
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
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Rafael Ojeda-Flores
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Abstract

Influenza A virus (IAV) outbreaks constitute a constant threat to public health and pose a remarkable impact on socio-economic systems worldwide. Interactions between wild and domestic birds, humans, and swine can lead to spillover events. Backyard livestock systems in proximity to wetlands represent a high-risk area for viral spread. However, some gaps remain in our knowledge of IAV transmission at the wildlife – livestock interface in Mexico. Hence, the study aimed at molecular identification and phylogenetic characterization of IAV in the wild duck – backyard livestock interface at a wetland of Mexico. A total of 875 animals were tested by real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). We detected IAV in 3.68% of the wild ducks sampled during the winter season 2016 – 2017. Nonetheless, the samples obtained from backyard poultry and swine tested negative. The highest IAV frequency (11.10%) was found in the Mexican duck (Anas diazi). Subtypes H1N1, H3N2, and H5N2 were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks of the Lerma marshes revealed that hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences were related to waterfowl, swine, and poultry IAV strains previously isolated in the United States and Mexico. In conclusion, the co-circulation of three IAV subtypes in wild ducks close to backyard farms in Mexico, as well as, the local identification of HA gene sequences genetically related to Mexican livestock IAV strains and also to North American waterfowl IAV strains, highlight the importance of the Lerma marshes for influenza surveillance given the close interaction among wild birds, poultry, pigs, and humans.
26 Jul 2020Submitted to Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
27 Jul 2020Submission Checks Completed
27 Jul 2020Assigned to Editor
28 Jul 2020Reviewer(s) Assigned
01 Sep 2020Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
01 Sep 2020Editorial Decision: Revise Major
06 Nov 20201st Revision Received
07 Nov 2020Submission Checks Completed
07 Nov 2020Assigned to Editor
10 Nov 2020Reviewer(s) Assigned
14 Dec 2020Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
14 Dec 2020Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
15 Dec 20202nd Revision Received
15 Dec 2020Submission Checks Completed
15 Dec 2020Assigned to Editor
17 Dec 2020Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
17 Dec 2020Editorial Decision: Accept