Corresponding authors:
Mohamed H. Shamji, PhD
Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy & Clinical Immunology
Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute,
Imperial College London, 1st Floor, Room 111, Sir
Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus
London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 20 75941673, Mobile: +44 (0) 7872850369.
Emails:
m.shamji@imperial.ac.uk
Thomas Eiwegger, MD
Division of Immunology and Allergy, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis
Program, The Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555
University Ave, ON, Toronto, Canada,
E-mail:
thomas.eiwegger@sickkids.ca
Tel.: +1 416-813-7654 ext. 1862
INTRODUCTION
Advances in molecular biology alongside the accelerated development of
gene and cell engineering have contributed to the development of several
endotype-targeted biological therapies against chronic immune-mediated
allergic diseases. Conventional therapies for asthma, chronic
rhinosinusitis with polyposis (CRSwNP), chronic spontaneous urticaria
and atopic dermatitis (AD) are not without limitations, and as such the
advent of biological therapies have provided a promising alternative
treatment option. Biologicals have proven efficacious in the treatment
of refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria, asthma, AD, CRSwNP and
there is increasing evidence for their utility in treating food
allergy1-3. Biologicals are applied and investigated
for the most urgent need: acute treatment, symptom control and reduction
of steroid usage. Currently there are five approved biologicals for
allergic disease management, targeted against IgE (omalizumab), type 2
(T2) cytokines and cytokine receptors (IL-4Rα; dupilumab, IL-5;
mepolizumab/reslizumab, IL-5Rα; benralizumab)2.