Surgery
The same surgeon (Wan Xiu Hua) performed standard phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in all cases. One hour before the operation, tropicamide eye drops were applied to ensure the pupil dilation and ciliary muscle relaxation during the operation. The conjunctival sac was anesthetized twice within 5-10 minutes before surgery. A 3.0mm corneal incision was made in the transparent area of the limbal cornea between 9 to 12 points and an auxiliary incision was made at 2 points of the corneal limbus. The viscoelastic agent was injected into the anterior chamber. Continuous circular capsulorhexis was performed, and water separation nucleus and surrounding cortex appeared to the ”golden ring”. Phacoemulsification removed lens nuclear and removed cortex. The anterior chamber and capsule were filled with viscoelastic agent. The CTR and IOL were implanted through 3.0mm incision. The viscoelastic agent was removed from the anterior chamber and the incision was made watertight.