Phase transition in quantum tunneling and exact statistical mechanics
for a model of parametrized double-well potential
Abstract
A model for one-dimensional bistable systems characterized by a
deformable double-well energy landscape, is introduced in order to
investigate the effect of shape deformability on the order of phase
transition in quantum tunneling, and on the quasi-exact integrability of
the classical statistical mechanics of these systems. The deformable
double-well energy landscape is modelled by a parametrized double-well
potential possessesing two fixed degenerate minima and a constant
barrier height, but a tunable shape of its walls which affects the
confinement of the two wells. It is found that unlike bistable models
involving the standard $\phi^4$-field model for
which the transition in quantum tunneling is predicted to be strictly of
second order, a parametrization of the double-well potential also favors
a first-order transition occurring above a universal critical value of
the shape deformability parameter. The partition function of the model
is constructed within the framework of the transfer-integral formalism,
with emphasis on low-lying eigenstates of the transfer-integral
operator. A criteria for quasi-exact integrability of the partition
function is formulated, in terms of the condition for possible existence
of exact eigenstates of the transfer-integral operator. The quasi-exact
solvability condition is obtained analytically and from this, some exact
eigenstates are derived at several temperatures. The exact probability
densities obtained from the analytical expressions of the groundstate
wavefunctions at different temperatures, are found to be in excellent
agreement with the probability density obtained from numerical
simulations of the Langevin equation.