Drug class Drug name Mechanism ADR-systemic symptoms, miscellaneous ADR-Organ system affected ADR-Organ system affected ADR-Organ system affected ADR-Organ system affected ADR-Organ system affected
Lung Gastrointestinal Liver Kidney & urinary tract Cardiovascular
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Losartan
Inhibitors of Epithelium Cell Entry
Headache, dizziness, hypotension, fatigue, foetal toxicity
Yes?
ALT elevation, hepatotoxicity
Myocardial injury, Atrial fibrillation
Anti-HIV drug Protease inhibitor
Lopinavir-ritonavir
Antiviral drug
Diarrhoea, nausea vomiting, pancreatitis
Antimalarial Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine Antiviral and immunomodulating effects Retinal toxicity Yes Yes Yes QT prolongation, ventricular tachycardia
C-adenosine nucleotide analogue developed for Ebola treatment Remdesivir Broad spectrum antiviral Yes? Mild to moderate ALT and AST elevation, LFT monitoring required Kidney toxicity
Pseudo purine nucleotide Favipiravir Broad spectrum antiviral Teratogenicity, embryotoxicity Bronchitis, cough DILI with concomitant medications Thrombosis with oestrogens
IL-6 receptor inhibitors
Tocilizumab, sarilumab, siltuximab
Modulation of the hyperinflammatory phase, Anti IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody
Neutropenia, increased infection rate, TB and herpes
Respiratory infection
Abdominal pain, mouth ulceration, nausea, lipid elevation, vomiting diarrhoea, loss of appetite
Hepatotoxicity, LFT monitoring required
Urinary tract infection
IL-1 receptor inhibitors Anakinra Modulation of the hyperinflammatory phase, IL-1 receptor antagonist infection, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, headache, blood cholesterol increase and injection site reactions Upper respiratory infection, bronchitis Urinary tract infection
JAK inhibitors Baricitinib Inhibition of virus entry into cells, anti-inflammatory effect Deep vein thrombosis Exacerbation of renal impairment?
Type 1 IFN
IFN-beta
Stimulation of the body’s anti-viral response
neutropenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, depression
Elevated ALT