Abstract
Background COVID‐19 is usually mild, but patients can present with
pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and circulatory
shock. Although the symptoms of the disease are predominantly
respiratory, involvement of the cardiovascular system is common.
Patients with heart failure (HF) are particularly vulnerable when
suffering from COVID‐19. Aim of the Review To examine the challenges
faced by healthcare organisations, and mechanical circulatory support
management strategies available to patients with heart failure, during
the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
(ECMO) can be lifesaving in patients with severe forms of ARDS, or
refractory cardio-circulatory compromise. The Impella RP can provide
right ventricular circulatory support for patients who develop right
side ventricular failure or decompensation caused by COVID-19
complications, including pulmonary embolus. HT are reserved for only
those patients with a high short-term mortality. LVAD as a bridge to
transplant may be a viable strategy to get at-risk patients home
quickly. Elective LVAD implantations have been reduced and only patients
classified as INTERMACS profile 1 and 2 are being considered for LVAD
implantation. Delayed recognition of LVAD‐related complications,
misdiagnosis of COVID‐19, and impaired social and psychological
well‐being for patients and families may ensue. Remote patient care with
virtual or telephone contacts is becoming the norm. Conclusions HF
incidence, prevalence, and undertreatment will grow as a result of new
COVID-19-related heart disease. ECMO should be reserved for highly
selected cases of COVID-19 with a reasonable probability of recovery.
Special considerations are needed for patients with advanced HF,
including those supported by durable LVADs.