Covariable Hazard Ratio 95% Confidence Interval Limits 95% Confidence Interval Limits p Value
ECMO
None Ref Ref Ref Ref
  Intraoperative cannulation 2.47 0.96 6.33 0.06
  Postoperative cannulation 5.12 2.04 12.85 <.001
Race
White Ref Ref Ref Ref
  Black 1.40 0.34 5.79 0.65
  Other 5.65 0.86 37.04 0.07
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1.60 0.89 2.89 0.12
Family history of CAD 0.55 0.23 1.33 0.19
Peripheral vascular disease 3.55 1.93 6.52 <.001
Cardiac symptoms at admission
No symptoms Ref Ref Ref Ref
Symptoms unlikely to be ischemia 1.54 0.54 4.42 0.42
Stable angina 0.18 0.02 1.81 0.14
Unstable angina 2.33 0.64 8.48 0.20
NSTEMI 1.73 0.49 6.11 0.39
STEMI 0.09 0.01 0.57 0.01
  Other 0.75 0.30 1.86 0.54
NYHA class symptoms
I Ref Ref Ref Ref
  II 10.02 1.85 54.43 0.01
  III 1.58 0.74 3.35 0.24
IV 1.86 0.83 4.20 0.13
Operative status
Elective Ref Ref Ref Ref
Urgent 0.91 0.41 2.02 0.82
Emergent/salvage 5.90 1.89 18.44 <.001
Procedure performed
Isolated CABG Ref Ref Ref Ref
Aortic root 0.53 0.13 2.25 0.39
CABG + AVR 2.62 0.97 7.06 0.06
CABG + MVr/MVR 0.18 0.05 0.62 0.01
Double Valve 0.70 0.18 2.64 0.59
Single valve 0.54 0.17 1.75 0.31
Age, increasing, per year 1.04 1.01 1.07 0.01
Albumin (increasing, per 1 g/dL) 0.31 0.16 0.62 <.001
Preoperative LVEF (increasing, per 1%) 1.02 0.99 1.04 0.18
Total bilirubin (increasing, per 1 mg/dL) 1.99 1.11 3.59 0.02